تعیین پاتوتیپ‌ها و نژادهای فیزیولوژیک قارچ Puccinia triticina، عامل بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

2 گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران .

چکیده

چکیده
به‌منظور اطلاع از نژادهای جدید، تعیین پرآزاری و ژنتیک بیماری‌زایی عامل زنگ قهوه‌ای و نحوه پراکنش آن‌ در مناطق مختلف ایران، در بهار سال‌های 1397 و 1398 به ترتیب 21 و 40 نمونه‌ برگی آلوده به زنگ قهوه‌ای از مزارع گندم استان‌های خوزستان، لرستان، اردبیل، مازندران، گلستان، کرمانشاه، ایلام، سیستان و بلوچستان و فارس جمع‌آوری شد. واکنش جدایه‌های مورد نظر از طریق مایه‌زنی آن‌ها روی 38 لاین افتراقی در شرایط کنترل‌شده گلخانه‌ای بررسی گردید. هر لاین حاوی یک ژن مقاومت به زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم است. نتایج این تحقیق منجر به شناسایی 20 پاتوتیپ و 13 نژاد در سال اول و 28 پاتوتیپ و 11 نژاد در سال دوم شد. نژادهای PKTTS (با فراوانی 28 درصد) و PKTTT (با فراوانی 18 درصد) شایع‌ترین نژادهای شناخته شده بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ارقام افتراقی حامل ژن‌های مقاومت Lr19 و Lr9 نسبت به تمام جدایه‌های مورد مطالعه مقاوم بودند و پرآزاری بر روی آن‌ها مشاهده نشد. رقم حامل ژن Lr2a با واکنش مقاوم نسبت به 17 جدایه، موثرترین ژن مقاومت نسبت به زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم پس از دو ژن مذکور بود. همچنین ارقام افتراقی حامل ژن‌هایLr29 ، Lr28،Lr10/Lr27+/Lr31وLr2bبا داشتن مقاومت در مقابل اکثرجدایه‌ها در طی دو سال موثرترین ژن‌های مقاومت نسبت به زنگ قهوه‌ای گندم پس از ژن‌هایLr9،Lr19وLr2aبودند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of the pathotypes and physiologic races of Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Taha Dadrezaei 1
  • Saba Delfan 2
  • Elham Allahassani 1
1 1Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
In order to identify the new races, determine the virulence/avirulence formula and distribution of the causal agent of the wheat, in the spring of 2018 and 2019, respectively, 21 and 40 samples of leaf rust-infected leaves were collected from wheat fields in Khuzestan, Lorestan and Ardabil Mazandaran, Golestan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Sistan, Baluchistan and Fars provinces. The reaction of the isolates were evaluated by inoculating them on 38 differential lines under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results of this study led to the identification of 20 pathotypes and 13 races in the first year and 28 pathotypes and 11 races in the second year. PKTTS (28%) and PKTTT (18%) were the most prevalent races. The results of this study showed that differential cultivars carrying Lr19 and Lr9 resistance genes were resistant to all isolates and no virulence was observed on them. Lr2a gene with resistance reaction to 17 isolates was the most effective gene for resistance to wheat leaf rust after the two above-mentioned genes. Also, differential lines carrying Lr29, Lr10/Lr27+/Lr31 and Lr2b genes with resistance reaction to the majority of the isolates in two years were the most effective genes for resistance to wheat brown rust after Lr9, Lr19 and Lr2a genes.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Brown rust
  • Differential lines
  • Resistance genes
  • Virulence/Avirulence
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