اثرات کشندگی و بازدارندگی تخمگذاری عصاره های کرفس Apium graveolens و علف داسی Falcaria vulgaris بر بید سیب زمینی Phthorimaea operculella در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز.

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز.

3 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز.

چکیده

چکیده
عصاره‌های برخی گیاهان به‌دلیل دارا بودن اثرات زیستی مختلف مانند کشندگی، دورکنندگی و ضدتغذیه‌ای می‌توانند به­­عنوان آفت‌کش‌ مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. در این بررسی تاثیر عصاره‌­ی دو گیاه علف داسی، Falcaria vulgaris Bernh و کرفس،Apium graveolens L.  از تیره­ی چتریان، بر چند ویژگی زیستی بید سیب‌زمینی، Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873)، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حشرات در دمای 2±26 درجه­ی سلسیوس، دوره­ی نوری 16:8 ساعت (تاریکی: روشنایی) و رطوبت نسبی 5±50 درصد، بر روی غده­های سیب­زمینی پرورش یافتند. اندام‌های هوایی گیاهان مورد بررسی پس از شستشو در سایه خشک شده و به­ترتیب با روش خیساندن در حلال‌های هگزانی، اتیل‌استاتی و متانولی عصاره‌گیری شدند. اثرات کشندگی تماسی عصاره­ها بر تخم­های 24 ساعته، اثر تدخینی عصاره­ها بر لاروهای سن اول و اثر بازدارندگی تخم­گذاری عصاره­ها بر حشرات کامل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عصاره­های هگزانی و اتیل‌استاتی گیاه علف‌داسی به­ترتیب با مقادیر LC50معادل 5/2 و 38/3 و کرفس 12/2 و 81/2 گرم بر لیتر اثر تخم‌کشی خوبی در مقایسه با سایر عصاره­ها داشتند. اثر تدخینی عصاره­های هگزانی و اتیل­استاتی علف­داسی با LC50معادل 59/5 و 43/13 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از بقیه­ی عصاره‌ها بود. عصاره­­ی متانولی هر دو گیاه فاقد اثرات تخم­کشی و تدخینی بودند. عصاره­های اتیل‌استاتی، هگزانی و متانولی هر دو گیاه اثرات بازدارندگی تخم­گذاری خیلی خوبی داشتند. عصاره­ی اتیل­استاتی کرفس به­­طور کامل و عصاره­ی اتیل­استاتی علف­داسی بیش از 80 درصد از تخم­گذاری  حشرات کامل جلوگیری کردند. اثرات زیستی مختلف عصاره­های گیاهان مورد بررسی، توان بالای آن‌ها را به­عنوان عامل کنترلی در برنامه‌های مدیریت بید سیب‌زمینی نشان می‌دهد.
 

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Lethal Effects and Oviposition Deterrency of Celery, Apium graveolens, and Sickleweed, Falcaria vulgaris, Against the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella in laboratory conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Hatami 1
  • Davood Mohammadi 2
  • Naser` Evazian 3
1 Graduated M.Sc. Student of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran.
2 Assistant and Associate professor respectively, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran.
3 Associate professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz-Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Extracts of some plants could be used as botanical pesticides because of their lethal effects, repellency and antifeedant activity on insect pests. In this study, bioactivities of different extracts of two plant species, the sickleweed Falcaria vulgaris Bernhand the celery Apium graveolens L., (both belonging to the Apiaceae family) were evaluated against the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873). Insects were reared in controlled conditions at 26±2ºC, a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h and 50±5% RH, on potato tubers. Foliage of plants were washed by distilled water, and air-dried in shadow. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents of different polarity, respectively. Ovicidal activity, lethal toxicity against 1st instars and oviposition deterrency of extracts were investigated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of F. vulgaris against one-day old eggs of PTM was estimated as 2.5 and 3.38 g/l, respectively. Also, the same extracts of A. graveolens showed ovicidal activity at concentration rates of 2.12 and 2.81 g/l, respectively. Inhalation toxicity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of F. vulgaris with LC50 estimated values of 5.59 and 13.43 mg/l was significantly more than other extracts. Methanol extracts of both plants showed neither ovicidal nor inhalation toxicity. Ethyl acetate, hexane and methanol extracts of both plants showed effective oviposition deterrency against adults of PTM. Ethyl acetate extract of A. graveolens and F. vulgaris showed 100% and more than 80% oviposition deterrency respectively. Considerable toxicity and oviposition deterrency of both plant extracts detected in this study show their potential as a control agent in PTM management programs.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Ethyl acetate
  • Hexane
  • Inhalation toxicity
  • Methanol
  • Ovicidal activity
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