بررسی کارایی ژن های مقاومت گندم نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد و فاکتورهای بیماریزایی قارچ Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici طی دو سال بررسی در اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل.

چکیده

چکیده
زنگ زرد گندم با عامل Puccinia  striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از مخرب­ترین بیماری­های گندم نان در جهان است. این بیماری یک تهدید دایمی برای تولید گندم در بیشتر کشورهای آسیای مرکزی و غربی بوده است. تعداد زیادی از نژادها با فاکتورهای بیماریزایی جدید به طور پیوسته در این نواحی تکامل می­یابند که موجب شکسته شدن ژن مقاومت مورد استفاده می­شوند. از این رو، دانش وآگاهی در خصوص کارایی ژن­های مقاومت، به نژاد­گران را قادر می­سازد تا ژن­های موثر را در برنامه­های به نژادی قرار دهند. این پژوهش در فاصله‌ی سال­های 1394 تا 1395 به مدت دو سال به منظور تعیین کارایی ژن­های مقاومت در اردبیل و شناسایی الگوی بیماریزایی عامل زنگ زرد تحت شرایط مزرعه­ای با کاشت ارقام افتراقی ولاین­های تقریبا ایزوژنیک انجام شد. واکنش گیاهچه­ای نیز تحت شرایط مزرعه­ای در سال 1389 بررسی شد. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که ژن­های مقاومت Yr3v، Yr3a،Yr4a ، Yr4، Yr5، Yr10، Yr15، Yr16، YrCV، YrSD و YrNDژن­های مقاومت موثری بودند و ژن­های مقاومت غیر اختصاص- نژادیYrA3 ، YrA4، Yr18، Yr29، Yr30 و نیز ژن­های موجود در ارقام Parula و Pavon76، ژن­های نسبتا موثری در طی دوره‌ی پژوهش بودند. برای ارقام حامل ژن­های Yr1،Yr2، Yr6،Yr7، Yr9، Yr17، Yr20، Yr21، Yr22، Yr23، Yr24، Yr25، ­Yr26، Yr27، YrSU  وYrA حداقل در یک سال بیماریزایی مشاهده گردید. بنابراین، این ژن­ها در برابر عامل بیماری غیرموثر بودند. تجزیه‌ی خوشه­ای نیز بر اساس واکنش­های گیاهچه­ای و گیاه کامل،  ارقام را در گروه­های مختلفی قرار داد که بیانگر تنوع بسیار بالا بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه بود. ژن­هایی که تحت شرایط طبیعی در برابر زنگ زرد ژن­های مقاومت موثری بودند، ممکن است به تنهایی یا در ترکیب با ژن­های مقاومت پایدار (غیر اختصاص- نژادی) جهت ایجاد ارقام گندم با عملکرد بالا، استفاده شوند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of Resistance Genes to Stripe Rust and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici During two Years Monitoring in Ardabil

نویسنده [English]

  • Safarali Safavi
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the world. This rust disease represents a constant threat to wheat production in several countries in Central and Western Asia (CWA). A wide range of virulent yellow rust pathotypes is evolving in this region causing the breakdown of widely utilized sources of resistance in wheat. Hence, the knowledge of effective resistance genes in the region will enable breeders to target those useful genes in their breeding programs. In order to determine of effective resistance genes in Ardabil, northwest of Iran, virulence patterns of wheat yellow rust were studied from 2015 to 2016 under the field conditions by planting of differential sets and isogenic lines. Seedling reaction was also evaluated under field conditions in 2010. Results showed that yellow rust resistance genes Yr3V, Yr3a, Yr4a, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15,Yr16, YrCV, YrSD, YrND were effective and the race-nonspecific resistance genes YrA3, YrA4, Yr18 and Yr29 and genes in cultivars; Parula and Pavon 76 were partial effective during the study period. Virulence was observed for genotypes having resistance genes Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr20, Yr21,Yr22, Yr23, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, Yr27, YrSU, and YrA, and therefore, they were ineffective. Cluster analysis of genotypes based on the seedling and adult plant reactions, showed considerable diversity among the wheat cultivars/lines studied. The Genes found effective against yellow rust under natural conditions may be deployed singly or in combinations with durable resistance genes to develop high yield resistant wheat cultivars in wheat growing areas that yellow rust races have the same virulence pattern to the prevalent race/s of Ardabil.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Wheat
  • stipe rust
  • virulence
  • effective resistance genes
  • ineffective resistance genes
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