بررسی واکنش ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته و تجاری گندم ایران نسبت به زنگ قهوه‌ای در مراحل گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل

4 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

5 مربی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، پارس آباد، استان اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

زنگ‌ها به‌عنوان بیماری‌های مهم گندم، همواره خسارت اقتصادی قابل توجهی در اکثر مناطق گندم‌کاری جهان وارد می‌کنند. کشت ارقام مقاوم مؤثرترین و کم‌هزینه‌ترین روش کنترل آن‌ها می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر واکنش 101 ژنوتیپ پیشرفته و تجاری گندم ایران در مراحل گیاهچه‌ای و گیاه کامل نسبت به بیماری زنگ قهوه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی در مرحله گیاهچه با استفاده از چهار پاتوتیپ قارچ عامل بیماری با فرمول پرآزاری/ناپرآزاری مشخص در شرایط گلخانه درکرج و بررسی در گیاه کامل طی دو سال زراعی 1400-1398 در اردبیل و مغان در شرایط آلودگی طبیعی و در دزفول و گرگان در شرایط آلودگی مصنوعی مزرعه انجام گردید. نتایج بررسی‌های مزرعه‌ای نشان داد که 63 درصد ژنوتیپ‌های گندم اقلیم جنوب، 96 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌های گندم اقلیم شمال، 26 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌های گندم اقلیم سرد، 57 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌های گندم اقلیم معتدل، 10 درصد از ژنوتیپ‌های گندم شوری و تمامی ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دوروم از مقاومت کافی برخوردار بودند. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشات انجام شده در مرحله گیاهچه‌ 33 درصد ژنوتیپ‌های مورد آزمایش در این مرحله نسبت به چهار پاتوتیپ قارچ عامل بیماری مقاوم بودند. در این پژوهش پنج رقم گندم تجاری افلاک، شوش، سیروان، زرینه و احسان در شرایط مزرعه مقاومت، اما در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای نسبت به چهار پاتوتیپ زنگ قهوه‌ای واکنش حساسیت نشان دادند و لذا احتمالاً این ارقام دارای ژن یا ژن‌های مقاومت مرحله گیاه کامل باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Resistance evaluation of advanced and commercial genotypes of Iranian wheat to leaf rust at seedling and adult plant stages

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Taha Dadrezaei 1
  • Mohammad Ali Dehghan 2
  • Safarali Safavi 3
  • Mohammad Dalvand 4
  • Kamal Shahbazi 5
1 Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Safiabad Dezful Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Dezful, Iran
5 Instructor, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Parsabad, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Rusts have always been considered as important diseases of wheat, have significant economic losses worldwide and cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most effective way to control the disease. This research project was conducted in order to evaluate reaction of 101 advanced and commercial wheat genotypes of Iran to wheat leaf rust at seedling and adult plant stages with artificial inoculation. These genotypes were evaluated in two cropping years of 2020 and 2021 in Dezful, Gorgan, Ardabil and Moghan under field conditions. In Karaj, resistance of genotypes was evaluated at seedling stage and under greenhouse conditions using four wheat leaf rust pathotypes with a specific virulence/avirulence formula. According the results of the present study, 63 percent of the genotypes of the South warm and dry zone, 96 percent of the genotypes of the North warm and humid zone, 26 percent of the genotypes of the cold zone, 57 percent of the genotypes of the moderate zone, 10 percent of the genotypes of the salinity program, and all durum wheat genotypes responded acceptable level of resistance. Under seedling conditions, 33 percent of the genotypes were resistant to four wheat leaf rust pathotypes. In this study, five cultivars Aflak, Shoush, Sirvan, Zarrineh and Ehsan were resistant in field conditions but reacted susceptibility to four leaf rust pathotypes at the seedling stage. It seems that these cultivars probably have adult plant resistance gene or genes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adult-plant resistance
  • Pathotype
  • Seedling resistance
  • Slow rusting
  • Wheat leaf rust
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