تاثیر عناصر غذایی و دوره های مختلف آبیاری بر میزان جمعیت و خسارت تریپس پیاز Thrips tabaci

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه پزشکی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
تیپس پیاز (Thrips tabaci) یکی از آفات مهم پیاز می­باشد که به دلیل نرخ باروری بالا و سرعت رشد زیاد، سریعا در برابر سموم شیمیایی مقاوم می ­شود، لذا مدیریت تلفیقی و استفاده از روش ­های زراعی بهترین راهکار برای کنترل این آفت و جلوگیری از پیدایش جمعیت‌های مقاوم آن می­ باشد. این پژوهش با هدف استفاده از عناصر غذایی و دور آبیاری در کاهش جمعیت و خسارت تریپس پیاز به صورت آزمون فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی انجام شد. تیمارها شامل دور آبیاری (هر چهار، هشت و 12 روز یکبار) و عناصر غذایی (سیلیسیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و بدون کود) روی بوته­ های چهار برگی پیاز رقم زرگان اعمال شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای مختلف و دور آبیاری دارای اثر معنی ­داری بر جمعیت و میزان آسیب وارد شده به سطح برگ داشت. به طوری که کمترین میانگین جمعیت تریپس در تیمار کوددهی با سیلیس (37/13 عدد) و بیشترین جمعیت تریپس در بوته ­های شاهد (بدون کود) با میانگین 68/40 عدد در هر بوته مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین آسیب وارده به سطح برگ در تیمار 12 روز یکبار آبیاری (با میانگین 7/42 درصد) و کمترین آسیب در تیمار چهار روز یکبار آبیاری و کود سیلیس با میانگین 5/27 درصد مشاهده شد. با توجه به این نتایج می ­توان با مدیریت میزان آبیاری و کاربرد عناصر غذایی بویژه عناصری مانند سیلیس و کلسیم که باعث استحکام بافت‌های گیاهی می شوند، جمعیت تریپس پیاز و میزان خسارت آن روی برگ را کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of different nutrient elements and irrigation intervals on population and damage of onion thrips Thrips tabaci

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Jamali Ghahdarijani
  • Esmaeil Mahmoudi
  • Ebrahim Soleyman Nezhadian
  • Alireza Jalalizand
Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Thrips tabaci, is one of the most important pests of onions, which due to its high fertility rate and high growth rate, quickly becomes resistant to pesticides, Therefore, integrated pest management and cultural methods is the best way to control this pest and prevent the emergence of resistant populations. This research was aimed to use nutrient elements and irrigation intervals in reduction of population and damage of onion thrips and was conducted as a factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design. Treatments including irrigation intervals (4, 8 and 12 days) and nutrients (silicon, potassium, calcium and no fertilizer) were applied at four-leaf stage of onion, Zargan cultivar. The results revealed that the use of different fertilizers and irrigation intervals had a significant effect on the population and the amount of damage of onion thrips. The lowest mean number of T. tabaci was observed in the silica fertilizer treatment (13.37) and the highest mean number was observed in control plants (without fertilizer) with an average of 40.68 thrips per plant. Also, the highest damage to the leaf surface was observed in the 12- day irrigation interval (with an average of 42.7%) and the lowest damage was observed in the 4-day irrigation interval and silica fertilizer treatment with an average of 27.5%. According to our results, managing the irrigation intervals and types of nutrients, especially silica and calcium, which strengthen plant tissues, can reduce the onion thrips population and its damage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Integrated Pest Management
  • Non-Chemical Control
  • Silica
  • Calcium
  • Damage
References
Adesanya AW, Waters TD, Lavine MD, Walsh DB, Lavine LC, 2020. Multiple insecticide resistance in onion thrips populations from Western USA. Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology 165: 1–8.
Allahveisi S, Parvizi K, 2020. The effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizers on population density of cucumber thrips. Greenhouse Vegetables 3 (1): 55–64
Buckland K, Reeve J, Alston D, Nischwitz C, Drost D, 2013. Effects of nitrogen fertility and crop rotation on onion growth and yield, thrips densities, Iris Yellow Spot Virus and soil properties. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 177: 36–74.
Carvalho SP, Moraes JC, Carvalho JG, 1999. Silica effect on the resistance of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 28: 505–510.
Colella T, Candido V, Campanelli G, Camel I, 2009. Mycorrhization on insect pest in festations and yield in tomato crop. Phytoparasitica 42: 235–246.
Flavia B, Jair C, Custodio D, Cristiana S, 2008. Use of Silicon as Inductor of the Resistance in Potato to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Crop protection 37: 185–190
Gao X, Zou C, Wang L, Zhang F, 2006. Silicon decreases transpiration rate and conductance from stomata of maize plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 29: 1637–1647

Gill H K, Garg H, Gill AK, Gillett-Kaufman JL, Nault BA, 2015. Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) biology, ecology, and management in onion production systems. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 6 (1): 6 doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmv006

Ghorbani R, Hatami B, Mousavi SK, Nazari S, 2010. Study of the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on sugar beet growth and population dynamism of Empoasca decipiens (Hom.: Cicadellidae) and Thrips tabaci (Thys.: Thripidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 78 (1): 61–80
Grode A, Chen S, Walker ED, Szendrei Z, 2017. Onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) feeding promotes infection by Pantoea ananatis in onion. Journal of Economic Entomology 110: 2301–2307.
Hatami B, Khajehali J, Mobli M, 2005. Investigation of the effect of moisture stress on population and thrips damage (Thrips tabaci Thys: Thripidae). 4th Horticultural Science Congress, November 8–10, Mashhad, Iran, P. 218 (In Persion)
Iglesias L, Havey MJ, Nault BA, 2021. Management of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) in organic onion production using multiple IPM tactics. Insects 12: 207. doi.org/10.3390/insects 12030207
Kannan HO, Mohamed MB, 2000. The impact of irrigation frequency on population density of thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thripidae, Thysanoptera) and yield of onion in E1 Rahad, Sudan. Annals of  Applied Biology 138: 129–132
Kohansal M, Khajehali J, Hatami B, Mobli M, 2018. Effects of irrigation regimes on seasonal population dynamics and damage of Arboridia kermanshah (Dlabola) on different grape cultivars in Isfahan. Water and Soil Science 22 (2): 211–221
Krugner RJR, Hagler RL, Groves MS, Sisterson JG, Johnson MW, 2012. Plant water stress effects on the net dispersal rate of the insect vector Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and movement of its egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Environmental Entomology 41 (6): 1279–1289
Larentzaki E, Shelton AM, Plate J, 2008. Effect of kaolin particle film on Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), oviposition, feeding and development on onions: A lab and field case study. Crop Protection 27: 727–734.
Liang Y, Chen Q, Liu Q, Zhang W, Ding R, 2003. Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 160 (10): 1157–1164.
Marco AB, Jair C, Geraldo A, Carvalho C, Rita CR, 2003. Effect of sodium silicate application on the resistance of wheat plants to the green-aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Crop Protection 32: 659–663
Moretti EA, Harding RS, Scott JG, Nault BA, 2019. Monitoring onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) susceptibility to spinetoram in New York onion fields. Journal of Economic. Entomology 112: 1493–1497.
Nazemi A, Khajeali J, 2015. Imidacloprid resistance in Thrips tabaci (Thys. Thripidae) populations collected from onion fields in Isfahan. Iranian Juornal of Plant Protection Scinence 46 (1): 87–94.
Nikpay A, Soleyman Nejadian E, 2013. Field applications of silicon-based fertilizers against sugarcane yellow mite Oligonychus sacchari. Sugar Technology 16 (3): 319–324.
Parrella MP, Costamagna TP, Kaspi R, 2007. The addition of potassium silicate to the fertilizer mix to suppress Liriomyza leafminers attacking chrysanthemums. Acta Horticulturae 747: 365–369.
Prakash NB, Narayanswamy C, Hanumantharaju TH, 2010. Effect of calcium silicate as a silicon source on growth and yield of rice in different acid soils of Karnataka, South India. International Rice Research Notes pp: 0117–0119
Rahbar M, Fathipour Y, Soufbaf M, 2018. Fertilizer-mediated ditrophic interactions between Aphis gossypii and cucumber. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 20: 987–998.
Razzak MA, Seal DR, 2017. Effect of plastic mulch on the abundance of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and yield of jalapeno pepper in south Florida. Proceeding of Florida State Horticultural Society 130: 124–128.
Reynolds OL, Keeping MG, Meyer JH, 2009. Silicon-augmented resistance of plants to herbivorous insects: a review, Annals of Applied Biology 155: 171–186.
Sarwar M, 2012. Effects of potassium fertilization on population build up of rice stem borers (lepidopteran pests) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. Journal of Cereals and Oil seeds 3 (1): 6–9.
Savant NK, Korndörfer GH, Datnoff E, Snyderc GH, 1999. Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition 22 (12): 1853–1903.