ارزیابی تاثیر روش‌های شیمیایی، کشت مخلوط و مالچ بر کنترل علف‌‌های‌هرز مزرعه کدو پوست کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح‌ نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

جهت بررسی تاثیر روش­ های مختلف در کنترل علف‌های هرز مزرعه کدوی پوست کاغذی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1398 اجرا شد.تیمارهای آزمایش شامل شاهد (بدون کنترل)، وجین تمام فصل، وجین دستی (فقط یکبار)، مالچ پلاستیکی سفید، مالچ پلاستیکی تیره، کشت مخلوط با کینوا، علف‌کش‌های تریفلورالین (قبل از کاشت و پس از رویش گیاه زراعی)، ایندازیفلم، پندی‌متالین یا پرول پس از رویش گیاه زراعی بودند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که اعمال تیمار مالچ پلاستیکی تیره دارای بیشینه زیست‌توده برگ (g/m2 4/141) و همچنین زیست‌توده اندام هوایی (5/78 g/m2) کدوی پوست کاغذی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها شد. همچنین زیست‌توده علف‌های هرز در اواخر دوره رشد در تیمار مالچ پلاستیکی تیره و مالچ پلاستیکی سفید نسبت به تیمار شاهد (بدون کنترل)، به ترتیب 90 و 97 درصد کاهش یافت. به‌علاوه این تیمار (نسبت به تیمار وجین کامل) موجب افزایش 129 درصدی وزن خشک میوه کدوی پوست کاغذی شد. استفاده از علف‌کش تریفلورالین به‌صورت قبل از کشت، منجر به حصول قطر میوه (13.4 سانتی­متر)، دور میوه (46 سانتی­متر) و وزن خشک دانه کدوی پوست کاغذی (3/35 گرم) در کدوی پوست کاغذی شد که در نتیجه آن عملکرد محصول بهتر از سایر علف‌کش‌های مورد استفاده بود. در نهایت استفاده از انواع مالچ‌های پلاستیکی منجر به عملکرد بیشینه، کنترل مناسب علف‌های‌ هرز و در عین حال منجر به کاهش آلودگی زیست محیطی از طریق کاهش مصرف سموم شیمیایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of chemical methods, intercropping and mulching on weed control of Field Pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sirwan Babaei 1
  • Ghadrieh Mahmoudi 2
  • Neda Mohammadi 3
1 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan Sanandaj, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Iran.
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of different methods in control of weeds in pumpkin fields, an experiment was conducted based on randomized completely block design with four replications in 2019. Treatments consisted of weed free, complete weeding, mulch (clear and dark plastic), intercropping with quinoa, once weeding and three herbicides: Trifluralin (7.5 liters of commercial material per hectare) before planting and after crop growth, indaziflam (100 ml commercial material per hectare), pendimethalin (6 liters commercial material per hectare). Indaziflam and pendimethalin chemical treatments were applied after emergence on July. Results showed that the dark plastic mulch caused the maximum dry matter (141.4 g/m2) and fresh (289.8 g/m2) weight of pumpkin leaf and the maximum dry matter (78.5 g/m2) and fresh (641.6 g/m2) weight of pumpkin shoot in comparison of other treatments. In addition, dry matter of weeds got decrease up to 90 percent just through by type of dark plastic from mulch treatment and 97 percent by clear one. Furthermore, it caused 49 and 129 percent increasing respectively in fresh and dry matter weight of pumpkin. On condition of chemical control, using Trifluralin herbicide before of planting caused the fruit diameter (13.4 cm), fruit area (46 cm) and seed (35.5 g) dry matter of pumpkin so improved the yield in comparison other chemical treatments. Finally, using different mulching treatment got yield increased up to maximum, proper control of weeds and decreased the environmental pollution through decreasing of chemical materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plastic Mulch
  • Dark Mulch
  • Treflan Herbicide
  • Intercropping
  • Yield
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