ارزیابی مزرعه ای مقاومت نسبی (Partial resistance‌) نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد در تعدادی از لاین‌های منتخب گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
زنگ زرد گندم با عامل ­ Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از مهم­ترین و مخرب­ترین بیماری ­های گندم در بسیاری از مناطق ایران به شمار می­ رود که در سال­های همه ­گیری موجب کاهش عملکرد محصول می­گردد. مقاومت میزبانی، اقتصادی­ ترین روش مدیریت زنگ زرد است و مقاومت نسبی (نوعی مقاومت کمی)  در مقایسه با دیگر مقاومت­ها، مقاومت پایداری گزارش شده است. در این مطالعه، پارامترهای مقاومت نسبی (partial resistance) شامل ضریب آلودگی (CI)، شدت نهائی بیماری (FDS)، مقدار نسبی سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (rAUDPC) و نرخ آلودگی ظاهری (r) برای 24 ژنوتیپ گندم همراه با شاهد حساس طی دو سال زراعی از 1394 تا 1395 ارزیابی شدند. این مطالعه در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی آلاروق اردبیل تحت شرایط آلودگی طبیعی و مصنوعی انجام شد. آلودگی مصنوعی ژنوتیپ­ها با استفاده از جمعیت نژادی زنگ زرد که دارای پرآزاری روی ژن­های مقاومت­ Yr2، Yr6،Yr7، Yr9،­Yr17، Yr22، Yr23، Yr24، Yr25، Yr26، Yr27، YrA، Yr21، Yr31، Yr32وYrSU­بود، انجام شد. واکنش گیاهچه ­ای نیز تحت شرایط مزرعه­ ای ارزیابی شد. نتایج ارزیابی­ها برای پارامترهای مقاومت نشان داد که شش لاین در هر دو مرحله گیاهچه ای و گیاه کامل مقاوم بودند. یازده لاین در مرحله گیاهچه ­ای واکنش مقاومت ولی در مرحله گیاه کامل واکنش متوسط (MR, M, MS) یا حساسیت تا نیمه ­حساسیت  (MSS) نشان دادند. هفت لاین (شماره های 1، 4، 7، 8، 9، 16، 22) در مرحله گیاهچه ­ای حساس ولی در مرحله گیاه کامل واکنش متوسط (MR, M, MS) نشان دادند. بنابراین این لاین­ها با داشتن مقادیر پایین پارامترهای مختلف مقاومت به احتمال زیاد دارای درجات متفاوتی از مقاومت نسبی یا مقاومت گیاه کامل در درجه حرارت بالا (نوعی مقاومت غیر نژاد- اختصاصی یا پایدار) می­ باشند. تجزیه خوشه­ای بر اساس واکنش گیاهچه ­ای و گیاه کامل، لاین­ها را در گروه ­های مختلفی  قرار داد که این حالت نیز بیانگر تنوع بالای لاین­ها از نظر واکنش نسبت به بیماری زنگ زرد بود. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Field-based assessment of partial resistance to yellow rust in some candidate wheat lines

نویسنده [English]

  • Safarali Safavi
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
­Wheat yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. titici­, is one of the most important and most destructive diseases of wheat in many parts of Iran, which decreases crop yield in epidemic years. Host resistance is the most economical method for the management of yellow rust and partial resistance (a type of quantitative resistance), proven to be more durable than other types of resistances. In this study, partial resistance parameters including coefficient of infection (CI), final disease severity (FDS), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and apparent infection rate (r) were evaluated in a set of twenty-four wheat genotypes along with susceptible control during two crop years from 2015 to 2016. The research was conducted at Allarough Agricultural Research Station in Ardabil, under natural and artificial inoculation conditions. Artificial infection of genotypes was performed using the yellow rust race population having virulence for Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr22, Yr22, Yr23, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, Yr27, Yr26, Yr27, Yr21, Yr21, Yr31, Yr32 and YrSU resistance genes. Seedling response was also evaluated under field conditions. The evaluation of resistance parameters showed that six lines were resistant at both seedling and adult plant stages. Eleven lines showed resistance reaction at seedling stage, but moderate or susceptible reactions at adult plant stage. Seven lines (entries; 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 16, 22) were susceptible at the seedling and had moderate (MR, M or MS) reactions at adult plant stages. Therefore, these lines having low values ​​of different resistance parameters are likely to have varying degrees of partial resistance or high temperature adult plant resistance (a type of non-specific or durable resistance). Cluster analysis based on the reaction of seedling and adult plant, divided the lines into different groups, which also indicated a high diversity of lines in response to yellow rust disease.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Wheat
  • Seedling resistance
  • Adult plant resistance
  • Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
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