تاثیر گازهای دی اکسیدکربن و آمونیاک روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه ‏ای حبوبات Callosobruchus maculatus و شپشه گندم Sitophilus granarius

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حشره‏ شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه حشره ‏شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حشره‏ شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
سوسک چهار نقطه‏ای حبوباتCallosobruchus maculatus  و شپشه گندم Sitophilus granarius از مهمترین آفات انباری هستند که با تغذیه از دانه‏های حبوبات و غلات موجب خسارت‏های سنگین می‏شوند. به‏دلیل اهمیت اقتصادی آفات انباری و مقاوم شدن آنها نسبت به ترکیبات تدخینی رایج، جایگزین کردن ترکیبات مناسب دیگر در امر کنترل ضروری می‏باشد. تحقیقات نشان داده است که اتمسفر تغییر یافته می‏تواند موجب مرگ و میر تعداد زیادی از گونه‏های آفات انباری شود. لذا در این تحقیق، اثر این روش بر پایه استفاده از گازهای دی­اکسیدکربن و آمونیاک در داخل شیشه‏های بی‏هوازی علیه حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه‏ای حبوبات و شپشه گندم به تنهایی و در ترکیب با هم، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میزان مرگ و میر بعد از 24 ساعت ثبت گردید. مقادیر LC50 دی­اکسیدکربن روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه‏ای حبوبات و شپشه گندم به ترتیب برابر با 53/1322 و 96/1283پی‏پی‏ام به دست آمد. این مقادیر برای گاز آمونیاک روی دو آفت مذکور به‏ترتیب برابر با 24/250 و 79/366 پی‏پی‏ام بود. مرگ و میر ناشی از اختلاط گاز دی­اکسیدکربن و آمونیاک (در مقادیر LC25) روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهار نقطه‏ای حبوبات و شپشه گندم به‏ترتیب 67/86 و 33/93 درصد برآورد شد. اثر غلظت‏های 72/2238 و 78/3630 پی‏پی‏ام گاز دی­اکسیدکربن و غلظت‏های 58/426 و 55/549 پی‏پی‏ام گاز آمونیاک روی جوانه زنی لوبیا چشم بلبلی و گندم نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در تمامی موارد میزان جوانه‏زنی بذور بالای 98 درصد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fumigant effect of carbon dioxide and ammonia gases on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus granarius

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Shahab Ghayoor 1
  • Orourj Valizadegan 2
  • Shahram Aramideh 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Associate Professor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus granarius are two of the most important pests of stored products and cause heavy damage. Due to economic importance of stored product pests and resistance potential of them to conventional fumigants, it is necessary to replace these insect control agents with novel and safe compounds. Modified atmosphere is a valuable method to control some stored product pests. In this research effect of this method based on the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia was evaluated against adult stages of C. maculatus and S. granarius alone and in combination with each other in glass anaerobic jars. Mortality was recorded after 24 h. The LC50 values of carbon dioxide for C. maculatus and S. granarius were estimated 1322.53 and 1283.96 ppm, respectively. The LC50 values of ammonia for these pests were estimated 250.24 and 366.79 ppm, respectively.The mixture of carbon dioxide and ammonia (in LC25 values) caused a mortality rate of 86.67 and 93.33 % on the adults of C. maculatus and S. granarius respectively. The effects of carbon dioxide and ammonia were also evaluated against germination rate of cowpea and wheat seeds at 2238.72, 3630.78 and 426.58, 549.55 ppm, respectively. Germination rate was up to 98 percent.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Modified atmosphere
  • Seed germination
  • Callosobruchus maculatus
  • Sitophilus granaries
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