بررسی نماتدهای خاک‌های مزارع برنج شهرستان شوشتر در دو شیوه کشت نشایی و خشکه ‏کاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

برنج یکی از مهم­ترین غلات در جهان است. نماتدهای مختلفی از مزارع برنج ایران که اکثراً به صورت کشت نشایی بوده ­اند گزارش شده است. در این تحقیق پس از نمونه ‏برداری از خاک ­های مزارع برنج شهرستان شوشتر، استخراج، تثبیت، تهیه اسلاید و شناسایی گونه ‏های زیر راسته Tylenchina با استفاده از منابع معتبر انجام شد. هم­چنین شمارش تعداد افراد نماتدی موجود در 50 گرم خاک و فراوانی نسبی نماتدهای راسته‏‏ های Dorylaimida، Enoplida، Mononchida و زیرراسته ‏های Rhabditina و Tylenchina در مزارع  نشایی و خشکه‏ کاری برنج در آخر فصل برداشت انجام گرفت. در این تحقیق از زیرراسته Tylenchina گونه‏هایAphelenchus avenae ، Aphelenchoides sp.،  Basiria graminophila، Filenchus facultativus،Heterodera avenae ، Merlinius brevidens، Nagelus obscurus، Neopsilenchus magnidens، Pratylenchoides ritteri، Pratylenchus neglectus ، Pratylenchus thornei، Scutylenchus rugosus ،Tylenchorhynchus dubius و Tylenchus sp. شناسایی شدند. شمارش نماتدهای استخراج شده از مزارع مختلف نشان داد نماتدهای Tylenchina و Dorylaimida به صورت معنی ‏دار با تعداد افراد بیشتری در مزارع خشکه ‏کاری و نماتدهای Rhabditina با بیشترین تعداد در مزارع نشایی وجود داشتند. خانواده ‏های Pratylenchidae و Tylenchidae بصورت معنی‏ داری در مزارع خشکه ‏کاری دارای تعداد نماتد بیشتری بودند. هم­چنین جنس ­های Pratylenchus، Tylenchorhynchus، Heterodera، Tylenchus  و Neopsilenchus  در مزارع خشکه ‏کاری و جنس‏ های Aphelenchoides و Nagelus در کشت نشایی تعداد افراد بیشتری داشتند. در بررسی فراوانی نسبی نماتدها، از بین راسته و زیرراسته‏ ها، فقط زیرراسته Tylenchina، از بین خانواده ­های Tylenchina فقط خانواده‏ های Pratylenchidae ، Tylenchidae و از بین جنس‏ هایTylenchina  فقط جنس ‏های Pratylenchus، Tylenchus و Neopsilenchus اختلاف معنی‏ داری در درصد فراوانی نسبی آن­ها بین دو روش کشت وجود داشت و فراوانی نسبی بیشتری در کشت خشکه ‏کاری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of soil nematodes in rice fields in Shushtar County under two cultivation methods: transplanting and direct seeding

نویسنده [English]

  • Kourosh Azizi
Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Rice is one of the most important cereals in the world. Various nematodes have been reported from Iranian rice transplanting cultivation. In this study, after sampling the soils of rice fields in Shushtar County, extraction, fixation, slide preparation, and identification of species of the Tylenchina suborder were carried out using valid sources. The number of nematodes in 50 grams of soil and the relative abundance of the orders Dorylaimida, Enoplida, Mononchida, and the suborders Rhabditina and Tylenchina, in transplanting and dry direct seeding fields after harvest were counted. In this study, the following species were identified from the suborder Tylenchina: Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides sp., Basiria graminophila, Filenchus facultative, Heterodera avenae, Merlinius brevidens, Nagelus obscurus, Neopsilenchus magnidens, Pratylenchoides ritteri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus thornei, Scutylenchus rugosus, Tylenchorhynchus dubius, and Tylenchus sp. Counting the number of nematodes showed that Tylenchina and Dorylaimida in dry direct seeding, and Rhabditina had more nematodes in transplanting fields. The families Pratylenchidae and Tylenchidae and genera Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Heterodera, Tylenchus and Neopsilenchus had more nematodes in dry direct seeding fields, and the genera Aphelenchoides and Nagelus had more nematodes in transplanting fields. In examining the relative abundance of nematodes, among the orders and suborders, only the suborder Tylenchina, among the families of Tylenchina, only the families Pratylenchidae, Tylenchidae, and among the Tylenchina genera, only the genera Pratylenchus, Tylenchus, and Neopsilenchus, there was a significant difference in their relative abundance between the two cultivation methods, and they were more relative abundant in dry direct seeding cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Counting the number of nematodes
  • Flooding
  • Identification
  • Plant parasitic nematodes
  • Relative abundance

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پژوهش‌های کاربردی در گیاه‌پزشکی
دوره 15، شماره 2
تیر 1405
صفحه 81-92

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 تیر 1405

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