تاثیر عصاره‌های برگ چنار، برگ دافنه، برگ و پوست سبز میوه گردو بر نماتد ریشه گرهی Meloidogyne javanica

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

نماتدهای مولد گره ریشه (Meloidogyne spp.) از مهم‌ترین و مخرب‌ترین عوامل بیماری‌زای محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی در سراسر جهان به شمار می‌روند. با توجه به پرهزینه بودن و صدماتی که روش‌های شیمیایی بر محیط‌‌زیست و انسان دارند استفاده از راهکارهای جایگزین برای مدیریت نماتدها ضروری است. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد برخی از عصاره‏ های گیاهی روی نماتد ریشه گرهی M. javanica در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه و همچنین برخی شاخصه‌های رشدی گیاه گوجه‏ فرنگی صورت گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل عصاره‏ های برگ چنار، برگ دافنه، برگ و پوست سبز میوه گردو در پنچ غلظت 5/0%، 1%، 5/2%، 5% و 10% و نماتدکش اتمیک 1%  و شاهد در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و غلظت 10 % همان ترکیبات در گلخانه روی گیاه گوجه ‏فرنگی آلوده به نماتد بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که غلظت‏ های مختلف عصاره ‏ها در شرایط آزمایشگاه حداقل 8/2 برابر و حداکثر پنج برابر مرگ و میر لاروها را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند و حداقل 9% و حداکثر پنج برابر تفریخ تخم نماتد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. همچنین عصاره پوست سبز میوه گردو و عصاره دافنه باعث مرگ و میر بیشتر لاروها و تفریخ تخم کمتر نماتد نسبت به عصاره چنار و برگ گردو شدند. در گلخانه تعداد گال، تعداد تخم در ریشه و تعداد لارو در خاک تحت تیمار عصاره های مختلف نسبت به شاهد با نماتد حداقل به ‏ترتیب  62%، 71% و 52% کاهش یافتند. در مورد تاثیر عصاره های مختلف بر شاخص ‏های رشد گیاهی همه عصاره ‏ها باعث افزایش شاخص های رشدی گیاه نسبت به تیمار آلوده به نماتد بدون عصاره شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of plane tree leaf, daphne leaf, and walnut leaf and green husk extracts on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kourosh Azizi 1
  • Sajad Karimi Nasab 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Former M.SC. student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Root-knot nematodes are among the most destructive pathogens limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Given the high costs and the adverse effects of chemical control methods on the environment and human health, alternative low-input, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly nematode management strategies need to be developed. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some plant extracts on the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, as well as some growth characteristics in tomato. The experimental treatments included extracts of plane leaf, daphne leaf, leaf and green husk of walnut at five concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10%, and atomic nematicide and control in laboratory conditions, and a concentration of 10% of these extracts in the greenhouse on tomato plants infected with nematodes. The results of this study showed that different concentrations of plant extracts in laboratory conditions increased larval mortality by at least 2.8 times and at most five times compared to the control, and nematode egg hatching decreased by at least nine percent and at most five times compared to the control. Also, the green husk of walnut and daphne leaf extract caused more larval mortality and less egg hatching compared to plane leaf and walnut leaf extracts. In the greenhouse, the number of galls, the number of eggs in the roots, and the number of larvae in the soil under different plant extracts were reduced by at least 62, 71, and 52 percent, respectively, compared to the control treatment with nematode.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • Egg hatching
  • Gall
  • Larval mortality
  • Tomato
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