ارزیابی فعالیت ضد قارچی نانو ذرات اکسید مس و اسانس‌های گیاهان پونه ، زیره سبز و اکالیپتوس علیه قارچ عامل بیماری کپک خاکستری انگور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دبیرستان استعدادهای درخشان علامه طباطبایی، بناب، ایران

چکیده

بیماری کپک خاکستری انگور ناشی از قارچ Botrytis cinerea یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های انگور می‌باشد که سالیانه خسارت اقتصادی فراوانی وارد می‌کند. امروزه برای کنترل عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی از سموم شیمیایی سنتزی به طور گسترده استفاده می‌شود اما در اکثر موارد مشکلات زیست محیطی، باقی مانده سموم، مشکلات سلامتی و ظهور نژادهای مقاوم بیمارگر مصرف این ترکیبات را با محدودیت‌هایی مواجه کرده است. بنابراین در پژوهش حاضر، به منظور پیدا کردن جایگزین‌های امن برای ترکیبات شیمیایی سنتزی، فعالیت ضدقارچی اسانس‌های چند گونه گیاهی شامل پونه، زیره سبز، اکالیپتوس و نانو ذرات اکسید مس در کنار قارچ‌کش‌های لونا (تری فلوکسی استروبین و فلوپیرام) و توپاس (پنکونازول) علیه قارچ B. cinerea در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. شناسایی اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس‌های گیاهی نیز با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC-MS) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اسانس پونه در غلظت ppm1000 با 42/71 درصد دارای بیش‌ترین بازدارندگی و قارچ­کش لونا در غلظت ppm 5/62 با 7/1 درصد دارای کم‌ترین بازدارندگی بودند. همچنین نتایج آنالیز GC-MS نشان داد که α-Pinene، Pulegone و β-Pinene به ترتیب ترکیبات عمده تشکیل دهنده اسانس گیاهان اکالیپتوس، پونه و زیره سبز می‌باشند. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش و پژوهش‌های مشابه می‌توان گفت کاربرد اسانس‌های پونه و زیره سبز در کنترل B. cinerea موثر می‌باشد و می‌توان از آنها به عنوان جایگزین بالقوه برای قارچ‌کش‌های شیمیایی در مهار رشد قارچ B. cinerea نام برد. ولی به منظور بهره‌گیری از این اسانس‌ها برای کنترل بیمارگرهای گیاهی، ضروری است که تحقیقات جامع‌تری انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the antifungal activity of copper oxide nanoparticles and essential oils of oregano, cumin and eucalyptus against the causative agent of gray mold disease of grape

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Narmani 1
  • Zahra Mahdizadeh 1
  • Amir Hossein Akbari 2
  • Farshad Setareh 2
  • Arman Yazdani 2
  • Mobin Koofei 2
  • Mahdi Arzanlou 1
  • Hosein Hatef Heris 1
1 Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Allameh Tabatabaei Brilliant Talents High School, Bonab, Iran
چکیده [English]

The gray mold disease of grapes, caused by the Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most important grape diseases, leading to substantial economic losses annually. Today, synthetic chemical pesticides are widely used to control plant pathogens. However, their use is often limited due to environmental issues, pesticide residues, health concerns, and the emergence of resistant pathogen strains. Therefore, in the present study, to find safe alternatives to synthetic chemical compounds, the antifungal activity of essential oils from several plant species, including oregano, cumin, eucalyptus, and copper oxide nanoparticles, together with the fungicides Luna (Trifloxystrobin+Fluopyram) and Topas (Penconazole), was investigated against B. cinerea under in vitro conditions. The identification of the components of the essential oils was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that oregano essential oil at a concentration of 1000 ppm exhibited the highest inhibition rate (71.42%), while the Luna fungicide at a concentration of 62.5 ppm showed the lowest inhibition rate (1.7%). Additionally, GC-MS analysis revealed that α-Pinene, Pulegone, and β-Pinene were the major constituents of the essential oils of eucalyptus, oregano, and cumin, respectively. Based on the results of this study and similar research, it can be concluded that the application of oregano and cumin essential oils is effective in controlling B. cinerea and can be considered potential substitutes for chemical fungicides in inhibiting the growth of B. cinerea. However, to utilize these essential oils for controlling plant pathogens, more comprehensive studies are necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antimicrobial
  • Botrytis cinerea
  • GC-MS
  • Integrated management
  • Natural compounds

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پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 14، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 297-307

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 مرداد 1404

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