بررسی اثرات کشندگی عصاره گیاهان توق، Xanthium strumarium و گل ابری، Ageratum houstonianum بر بید سیب‌زمینی Phthorimaea operculella

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

ﺑﯿﺪ ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽPhthorimaea operculella   ﯾﮑﯽ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﯿﺐ­زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ که خسارت زیادی در مزرعه و انبار بر گیاهان میزبان خود وارد می­ کند. در این تحقیق به­ عنوان روشی جایگزین، اثرات زیستی عصاره­ های هگزانی، دی­کلرومتانی و استونی گیاهان گل ابری Ageratum houstonianum و توق Xanthium strumarium ، روی مراحل مختلف زیستی بید سیب ­زمینی مطالعه شد. حشرات در شرایط کنترل شده روی غده­ های سیب­ زمینی پرورش یافتند. عصاره­ های مورد نیاز با خشکاندن گیاهان در شرایط سایه و سپس خیساندن در حلال­ های مختلف بر اساس قطبیت، تهیه گردید. اثرات تدخینی و گوارشی عصاره­ ها و همچنین تاثیر سه غلظت کشنده 20، 50 و 80 درصد آنها بر طول دوره زیستی و درصد ظهور حشرات کامل بید سیب ­زمینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، عصاره ­ها­ی گیاه توق، X. strumarium اثر تدخینی روی لارو یک روزه­ بید سیب ­زمینی نداشته و عصاره دی­کلرومتانی گل ابری،  A. houstonianumبا LC50 معادل546/0میلی گرم بر ­لیتر هوا و عصاره­ استونی  A. houstonianum با  LC50 معادل 236/0 میلی­ گرم بر ­لیتر هوا، به ترتیب کم­ترین و بیش­ترین سمیت تدخینی را علیه لاروهای سن اول بید سیب­ زمینی نشان دادند. همچنین در بررسی اثرات گوارشی مشخص گردید که عصاره­ دی­کلرومتانی X. strumarium با LC50 معادل 98/96 میلی­ گرم بر لیتر دارای کم­ترین سمیت و عصاره­ استونی X. strumarium با LC50 معادل 30/14 میلی­ گرم بر لیتر دارای بیش­ترین سمیت بر لاروهای یک روزه­ بید سیب ­زمینی می­ باشد. در بررسی اثرات زیستی عصاره­ ها نتایج نشان داد، طول دوره رشدی لاروهای بید سیب ­زمینی تحت تاثیر تغذیه از عصاره­ ها، اختلاف معنی­ داری با تیمار شاهد نداشت ولی در خصوص درصد ظهور حشرات کامل نتیجه بسیار متفاوت بود و غلظت­ های بالای عصاره­ های مورد بررسی باعث کاهش معنی­ داری در درصد ظهور حشرات کامل شدند و بخصوص در عصاره هگزانی و دی­کلرو متانی گل ابری در دو غلظت LC80 و LC50  به ­ترتیب فقط 67/6 و 33/33 درصد ظهور برای حشرات کامل ثبت گردید. در تیمار با غلظت اول عصاره ­های توق نیز بین 13 الی 26 درصد ظهور حشرات کامل ثبت گردید که در مقایسه با شاهد بسیار کمتر بود. با توجه به اثرات حاد و مزمن مشاهده شده شاید با مطالعات تکمیلی و فرمولاسیون عصاره­ ها بتوان از عصاره این گیاهان در مدیریت بید سیب­ زمینی استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating lethal effects of Xanthium strumarium and Ageratum houstonianum extracts, on potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davoud Mohammadi 1
  • Naser Eivazian Kary 1
  • Elham Dehganpour barouj 1
  • Hossein Hashempour 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella is a serious insect pest of potato that infects its host plants in fields and stored conditions. In this study the biological activity of n-hexane, dichloromethane and acetone extracts of Ageratum houstonianum, Xanthium strumarium were evaluated against larvae of PTM. Insects reared on potato tubers in controlled condition. Maceration method was used for extraction. Fumigant and oral toxicity of extracts studied according to standard bioassay methods. In addition, effects of three sublethal concentrations including LC20, LC50 and LC80 on some biological parameters such as larval life span and adult’s emergence were studied. The results revealed that, all extracts of X. strumarium did not affect first instar larva of potato tuber moth by fumigant application. However, A. houstonianum dichloromethane and hexane extracts with LC50 values of 0.546 and 0.236 mg/l air showed the lowest and highest fumigant toxicity against PTM 1st larval instars respectively. About oral toxicity, the results showed that dichloromethane and acetone extracts of X. strumarium with LC50 values of 96.98 and 14.30 mg/l have the least and most toxicity against 1st larval instars of PTM respectively. The hexane and dichloromethanolic extracts of A. houstonianum with LC50 values of 13.24 and 27.01 mg/l respectively showed the most and least oral toxicity against first larval instars of PTM. The life span of PTM larvae statistically was not affected by extracts. However, about adult’s emergence the results were different and in the application of LC80 and LC50 concentrations of A. houstonianum only 6.67 and 33.33% adult emergence recorded. Application of LC80 concentration of X. strumarium extracts reduced adult emergence by 74-87% in comparing with controls. Acording to acute and chronic toxicity of extracts it is possible to use them in management of PTM with compelimentary studies and formulation of extracts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adult emergency
  • Biological effects
  • Life span
  • Plant extract
  • Solvent
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