Alsuhaibani AM, 1996. Entomofauna of Alfalfa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University, Agricultural Sciences 8(2): 269–277.
Azad A, 2010. Application of geostatistic in management of important aphids in wheat fields in Badjgah region (Fars Province). M.Sc. thesis, Plant Protection Department, Shiraz University, Iran.
Blom PE, Fleischer SJ, Smilowitz Z, 2002. Spatial and temporal dynamics of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in fields with perimeter and spatially targeted insecticides. Environmental Entomology 31(1): 149–159.
Bressan A, Moral Garcia FJ, Semetey O, Boudon-Padieu E, 2010. Spatial temporal pattern of Pentastiridius leporinus migration in an ephemeral cropping system. Agrcultural & Forest Entomology 12: 59–68.
Brewer MJ, Elliot NC, 2004. Biological control of cereal aphids in North America and mediating effect of host plant and habitat manipulations. Annual Review of Entomology 42: 219–242.
Canevari WM, Davis RM, Frate CA, Godfrey LD, Goodell PB,
et al., 2015. UC IPM pest management guidelines, alfalfa, UC ANR publication 3430.
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu. [Accessed on 14 March 2024].
Chambers RJ, Sunderland KD, Stacey DL, Wyatt IJ, 1986. Control of cereal aphids in winter wheat by natural enemies: aphid-specific predators, parasitoids and pathogenic fungi. Annals of Applied Biology 108: 219–23.
Clement SL, Elberson LR, Youssef N, Young FL, Evans MA, 2004. Cereal aphid and natural enemy populations in cereal production systems in eastern Washington, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77: 165–173.
Collins KL, Boatman ND, Wilcox A, Holland JM, Chaney K, 2002. Influence of beetle banks on cereal aphid predation in winter wheat. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 93:337–350.
Duarte F, Calvo MV, Borges A, Scatoni IB, 2015. Geostatistics applied to the study of the spatial distribution of insects and its use in integrated pest management. Revista Agronómica del Noroeste Argentino 35: 9–20.
Elliot NC, Kieckhefer RW, 1990. Dynamics of aphidophagous coccinellid assemblages in small grain fields in eastern South Dakota. Environmental Entomology 19: 1320–1329.
Elliott NC, Kieckhefer RW, Lee JH, French BW, 1999. Influence of within-field and landscape factors on aphid predator populations in wheat. Landscape Ecology 14: 239–252.
Ellsbury MM, Woodeson WD, Clay SA, Malo D, Schumacher J, et al., 1998. Geostatistical characterization of the spatial distribution of adult corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emergence. Environmental Entomology 27(4): 910–917.
Farahi S, Sadaghi H, 2008. Species diversity of aphids and ladybugs in wheat fields, Mashhad city, Khorasan province. Journal of plant protection 23(2): 89–95, (in Persian with English abstract).
Franzman BA, 2002. Hippodamia varigata; a predacious ladybird new in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology 41: 375–377.
Ghahremani M, Karimzadeh R, Iranipour S, 2021. Using different statistical tools to model spatial distribution of Adelphocoris lineolatus in alfalfa fields. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 10(2): 1–9 (in Persian with English abstract).DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/arpp.2021.12748
Ghahremani M, Karimzadeh R, Iranipour S, 2023. Using statistical methods to determine spatio-temporal distribution of aphids and aphidophagous ladybirds in alfalfa fields. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 43(4): 393–404.
Golawska S, Krz yzanowski R, Lukasik I, 2010. Relationship between aphid infestation and chlorophyll content in Fabaceae species. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanic 52(2): 76–80.
Goovaerts P, 1998. Geostatistical tools for characterizing the spatial variability of microbiological and physico- chemical soil properties. Biology & Fertility of Soils 27: 315–334.
Grigorov S, 1982. Interrelations between cereal aphids and their natural enemies on lucerne. Rasteniev Dni- nauki 19(7): 94–105.
Hasani Pak A, 1998. Geostatistics. Tehran University Press, Iran. 314 pp.
Hodgson EW, 2007. Aphids in Alfalfa. Utah State University Press, USA. 5 pp.
Hojjati M, Mohiseni A, Vafaei SR, Termechi I, 2012. Application of geostatistics to management of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch in Boroujerd common bean fields. Journal of Entomological Research of Iran 3(4): 295–303, (in Persian with English abstract).
Ifoulis A, Savopoulov-soltani M, 2006. Use of geostatistical analysis to characterize the spatial distribution of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larva in northern Greece. Environmental Entomology 35: 497–506.
Isaaks EH, Srivastava RM, 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, USA. 561 pp.
Katebi Far S, Diyanat M, Oveisi M, 2019. Weed flora, spatial distribution and diversity indexes in afforestation of around of Karaj. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 8(1): 33–43.
Karimzadeh R, Hejazi MJ, Helali H, Iranipour S, Mohammadi SA, 2011. Analysis of the spatio- temporal distribution of Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) by using spatial analysis by distance indices and geostatistics. Environmental Entomology 40: 1253–1265.
Karser W, Schalk J, 1973. Keys for identification of Acyrthosiphon (Homoptera: Aphididae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 66(6): 1331–1332.
Kavallieratos NG, stathas GJ, Tomanovic Z, 2002. Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiidae) on citrus: seasonal abundance, association whit the species of host plant, and sampling indices. Phytoparasitica 30(4): 365–377.
Khanjani M, 2008. Cereal Pests of Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University Press, Iran. 719 pp.
Klein ML, Rondon SI, Walenta DL, Zeb Q, Murphy AF, 2017. Spatial and temporal dynamics of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Columbia Basin and Northeastern Oregon, Journal of Economic Entomology 110: 1899–1910.
Kontodimas DC, Stathas GJ, 2005. Phenology, fecundity and life table parameters of
the predator Hippodamia variegate reared on Dyaphis crataegi. Biocontrol 50(2):
223–233.
Lang A, 2003. Intraguild interference and biocontrol effects of generalist predators in a winter wheat field. Oecologia 134: 144–153.
Lauriault LI, Ray S, Thomas C, Sutherland J, Ashigh F, et al., 2011. Selecting Alfalfa Varieties for New Mexico. New Mexico State University Press, USA. Pp. 1–8.
Liebhold AM, Zhang X, Hohn ME, Elkinton JS, Ticehurst M, et al., 1991. Geostatistical analysis of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) egg mass populations. Environmental Entomology 20: 1407–1417.
Liebhold AM, Rossi RE, Kemp P, 1993. Geostatistic and geographic information system in applied insect ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 38: 303–327.
Lyons DB, Sanders CJ, Jones GC, 2002. The use of geostatistics and GIS as tools for analyzing pheromone trap data at a landscape level. IOBC/ wprs Bulletin 25: 157–167.
Madani H, 1994. Fundamental of Geostatistics. Amirkabir University Press, Iran. 659 pp.
McBratney AB, Webster R, Burgess TM, 1981. The design of optimal sampling schemes for local estimation and mapping of regionalized variables - I: theory and method. Computers & Geosciences 7: 331–334.
Mittler T, Sylvester E, 1961. A comparison of the injury to alfalfa by the aphids, Therioaphis maculate and Macrosiphum pisum. Journal of Economic Entomo1ogy 54(4): 615–622.
Modarres Awal M, 1997. List of Agricultural Pests and their Natural Enemies in Iran. Heteroptera section. Ferdowsi University Press, Iran. Pp. 76–82.
Moser SE, Obrycki JJ, 2009. Competition and intraguild predation among three species of coccinellids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 102: 419–425.
Nakashima Y, Akashi M, 2005. Temporal and within-plant distribution of the parasitoid and predator complexes associated with Acyrthosiphon pisum and A. kondoi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on alfalfa in Japan. Applied Entomology & Zoology 40(1): 137–144.
Nazari M, Mozafarian F, Maarosik Y, 2001. Identification of the natural enemies of wheat aphids in Karaj region. 15th Iranian plant protection Congress, September 7–11, Kermanshah, Iran. P. 21.
Ni S, Lockwood JA, Wei Y, Jiang J, Zha Y, et al., 2002. Spatial clustering of rangeland grasshoppers (Otrhoptera: Acrididae) in the Qinghai Lake region of northwestern China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 95: 61–68.
Obrycki JJ, Orr CJ, 1990. Suitability of three prey species for variegates population of Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Col.: Coccinellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 1292–1297.
Pankanin-Franczyk M, Ceryngier P, 1995. Cereal aphids, their parasitoids and coccinellids on oats in central Poland. Journal of Applied Entomology 119: 107–111.
Park YL, Obrycki JJ, 2004. Spatio-temporal distribution of corn leaf aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Iowa cornfields. Biological Control 31: 210–217.
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Manzari S, Rezvani A, Rakhshani H, 2006. An Investigation on alfalfa aphids and their parasitoids in different parts of Iran, with a key to the parasitoid. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 25(2): 1–14 (in Persian with English abstract).
Rakhshani E, Ebadi R, Mohammadi AA, 2009. Population dynamics of alfalfa aphids and their natural enemies, Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology 11: 505–520.
Rassoulian GR, 1985. Investigation on the biology and population fluctuation of important alfalfa aphids in Karaj, PhD thesis, Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Iran.
Rassoulian GR, 1989. Effect of two aphid species Acyrthosiphon pisum and Therioaphis trifolii on protein and yield losses of alfalfa in Karaj, Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 20 (1, 2): 21–26 (in Persian with English abstract).
Rendu JM, 1981. An Introduction to Geostatistical Methods of Mineral Evaluation. Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Press, South African. 84 pp.
Richards LA, Harper AM, 1978. Oviposition by Nabis alternatus (Hemiptera: Nabidae) in alfalfa. The Canadian Entomologist 110: 1359–1362.
Sally R, Singh SR, Walters KFA, Northing Ph, 2004. Consumption rates and predatory activity of adult and fourth instar larvae of the seven spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), following contact with dimethoate residue and contaminated prey in laboratory arenas. Biological Control 30: 127–133.
Schaber BD, Harper AM, Entz T, 1990. Effect of swathing alfalfa for hay on insect dispersal. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 2427–2433.
Schellhorn NA, Andow DA, 2005. Response of coccinellids to their aphid prey at different spatial scales. Population Ecology 47: 71–76.
Schotzko DJO, Keeffe LE, 1989. Geostatistical description of the spatial distribution of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Lentis. Economic Entomology 82: 1277–1288.
Sciarretta A, Trematerra P, 2014. Geostatistical tools for the study of insect spatial distribution: practical implications in the integrated management of orchard and vineyard pests. Plant Protection Science 50: 97–110.
Shayesteh N, Ranji H, 2015. Investigating of diversity and species richness of the wheat aphids and introducing their Coccinellid predators in Urmia, West-Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 4(1): 163–175 (in Persian with English abstract).
Shayestehmehr H, 2014. Spatio-temporal distribution of Therioaphis maculata Buckten, Aphis craccivora Koch and coccinellid lady beetles in alfalfa fields of Karkaj. M.Sc. thesis, Plant Protection Department, University of Tabriz, Iran.
Shekarian B, Rezvani A, 2002. Cereal aphids, population percentage and their natural enemies in wheat fields of Lorestan province. 15th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, September 7–11, Kermanshah, Iran. P. 23.
Soleimani S, Madadi H, 2015. Seasonal dynamics of: the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon
pisum (Harris), its natural enemies the seven spotted lady beetle Coccinella
septempunctata Linnaeus and variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata Goeze, and their parasitoid Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank). Journal of Plant Protection Research 55: 421–428 (in Persian with English abstract).
Summers CG, 1976. Population fluctuations of selected arthropods in alfalfa: influence of two harvesting practices. Environmental Entomology 5: 103–110.
Tavousi F, Madadi H, Kazazi M, Sobhani M, 2011. Seasonal changes in the population of the ladybird Hippodamia variegata and its parasitism rate by the wasp, Dinocampus coccinellae in alfalfa fields of Hamedan. Journal of Biological Control of Pests & Plant Diseases 1: 11–18 (in Persian with English abstract).
Utset A, Ruiz ME, Herrera J, Deleon DP, 1998. A geostatistical method for salinity sample site spacing. Geoderma 86: 143–151.
Wheeler AG, 1977. Studies on the arthropod fauna of alfalfa, predaceous insects. Canadian Entomologist 109: 423–427.
Williams L, Schotzko DJ, McCaffrey JP, 1992. Geostatistical description of the spatial distribution of Limonous californicus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) wireworms in the northwestern United States, with comments on sampling. Environmental Entomology 21: 983–995.
Wright RJ, Young TA, Jarvi KJ, Seymour RC, 2002. Geostatistical analysis of the small-scale distribution of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae and damage in whorl stage corn. Environmental Entomology 31(1): 160–167.