Alleviation of Rhizoctonia root rot damage in common bean by some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار / دانشگاه رازی

2 دانشیار- گروه بیماری شناسی دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

Rhizoctonia root rot of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is among the most important soil-borne fungal diseases worldwide. In this study, nine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) including Acaulospora longula, Funneliformis mosseae, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus caledonium, G. claroideum, G. etunicatum, G. fasciculatum, G. versiform and Rhizophagus irregularis were evaluated for their effect on some growth traits and inhibition of R. solani in bean plants under greenhouse conditions. Six AMF species (F. mosseae, G. claroideum, G. etunicatum, G. margarita, G. caledonium and G. versiform) significantly reduced the disease severity index and the first four of these also reduced the incidence of disease compared with the infected control. The lowest disease severity and incidence were obtained by F. mosseae and G. claroideum, respectively. Compared with the infected control, the root length was significantly improved by all AMF. The other growth traits were also significantly improved by all AMF species with some exceptions as follows: root wet and dry weights (except G. fasciculatum), shoot wet weight (excep G. versiform), shoot length (except G. claroideum, G. versiform and G. etunicatum) and shoot dry weight (except G. etunicatum, G. fasciculatum, G. caledonium and G. margarita). Glomus fasciculatum had the highest root colonization. According to the results of this study, many AMF fungi improved plant growth and partially compensated for Rhizoctonia root rot on common bean, and they could be considered as good candidates for studying the biological control of this disease under field conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

کاهش خسارت بوته‌میری رایزوکتونیایی در لوبیا توسط برخی قارچ‌های میکوریزی دارسانه‌ای

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahid Moarrefzadeh 1
  • Hadi Khateri 1
  • Saeed Abbasi 2
1 Assistant Professor/ Razi University
چکیده [English]

بیماری بوته‌میری رایزوکتونیایی لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris) در اثر Rhizoctonia solani جزو مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های قارچی خاکزاد این محصول در اکثر مناطق کشت در سراسر جهان است. در تحقیق حاضر اثر نُه گونه قارچ‌ میکوریزی دارسانه‌ای (AMF) شامل Acaulospora longula، Funneliformis mosseae، Gigaspora margarita، Glomus caledonium، G. claroideum، G.etunicatum، G. fasciculatum، G.versiform و Rhizophagus irregularis روی مهار بوته‌میری رایزوکتونیایی و برخی صفات رشدی لوبیا در حضور بیمارگر در گلخانه بررسی شد. شش گونه AMF (F. mosseae، G. margarita، G. claroideum ، G. etunicatum ، G. versiform و G. caledonium) سبب کاهش شاخص بیماری شدند و از میان آنها، چهار گونه اول، وقوع بیماری را نیز نسبت به شاهد بیمار به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش دادند. کمترین شدت و وقوع بیماری به ترتیب با کاربرد F. mosseae و G. claroideum به دست آمد. در مقایسه با شاهد بیمار، همه گونه‌های AMF سبب افزایش معنی‌دار طول ریشه و علاوه بر آن وزن تر و وزن خشک ریشه (به‌استثنای G. fasciculatum) شدند و وزن تر اندام هوایی (به‌استثنای G. versiform)، طول اندام هوایی (به‌استثنای G. claroideum، G. versiform و G. etunicatum ) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی (به‌استثنای G. etunicatum، G. fasciculatum، G. caledonium و G. margarita) را نیز افزایش دادند. بیشترین میزان کلنیزاسیون میکوریزی ریشه نیز در تیمار G. fasciculatum مشاهده شد. طبق نتایج این تحقیق بسیاری از قارچ‌های AMF سبب بهبود رشد گیاه و جبران بخشی از خسارت بوته‌میری رایزوکتونیایی لوبیا گردیدند و این عوامل، گزینه‌های مناسبی برای بررسی کنترل بیولوژیکی این بیماری در شرایط مزرعه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rhizoctonia solani
  • اندومیکوریزها
  • شدت بیماری
  • وقوع
  • Glomus

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