شناسایی توکسین فومونیسین B1 در قارچ Fusarium verticillioides و تأثیر اسیدیته، رطوبت نسبی و نور بر تولید آن در بستره بذر ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان. ایران.

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان. ایران

3 گروه اصلاح‌نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

قارچ Fusarium verticillioides یکی از مهم‌ترین و مستعدترین قارچ‌های تولیدکننده فومونیسین‎ ها است و هر ساله خسارت عمده‌ای به محصولات کشاورزی و مصرف‌کنندگان آن‌ها وارد می‌کند. تولید این توکسین‌ها به میزان زیادی تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش تأثیر عوامل محیطی شامل نور (0، 12 و 24 ساعت نور)، رطوبت بذر (15، ۱۸، ۲0، ۲3، ۲5، 28 و ۳۰ درصد) و pH (چهار، پنج، شش و هفت) روی تولید فومونیسین‎ B1 قارچ F. verticillioides بررسی شد. بدین منظور ابتدا جدایه‌های قارچ مورد نظر از مزارع ذرت دارای علایم و نشانه‌های آلودگی جداسازی و بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی شناسایی شدند. سپس فومونیسین B1 نمونه‌ها توسط حلال‎های استونیتریل، متانول و موادی از قبیل رزین کاتیونی و آلومینیاکربن استخراج و با روش TLC و HPLC ردیابی و شناسایی شد. در نهایت تاثیر عوامل محیطی ذکر شده روی جدایه‌ای که توانایی تولید کافی توکسین فومونیسین B1 را داشت، سنجیده شد. نتایج آزمون HPLC نشان داد که مقدار فومونیسین B1 تولید شده توسط جدایه‌ مورد بررسی از قارچ F. verticillioides در تیمارهای مختلف در محدوده 200 الی 520 نانوگرم بر میلی‌لیتر است. بیشترین میزان فومونیسین B1 تولید شده در جدایه مورد بررسی در شرایط با رطوبت 28 درصد بذر ذرت، 4= pH و روشنایی 24 ساعته به ترتیب به میزان 424، 422 و520 نانوگرم در میلی‌لیتر به دست آمد. بر این اساس می‌توان با کنترل شرایط محیطی در انبار و سیلو، تولید فومونیسین‎ ها را به حداقل رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Fusarium verticillioides fumonisin B1 mycotoxin and the effects of pH, relative humidity and light on its production on maize substrate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Darvishnia 1
  • Samaneh Senshenas 2
  • Eadi Bazgir 1
  • Fatemeh Darvishnia 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricaltural and Resources, Lorestan University, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricaltural and Resources, Lorestan University, Iran.
3 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important and potent fungi producing fumonisins and causes major damage to agricultural products and adverse health effects on comcumers. The production of these toxins is greatly influenced by environmental factors. In this study, the effect of environmental factors, including light duration (0, 12 and 24 h), seed moisture content (15, 18, 25, 23, 25, 28 and 30%) and pH (4, 5, 6 and 7) were evaluated on fumonisin B1 production. Towards this aim, fungal isolates were recovered from corn fields showing signs and symptoms of infection and were subjected to morphological identifiction. Fumonisin B1 was extracted using acetonitrile, methanol, cationic resin, alumina carbon, and then detected by TLC and HPLC methodes.The identity of the isolates was determined as F. verticillioides. The results of HPLC analysis showed that the amount of fumonisin B1 produced by F. verticillioides in different treatments ranged from 200 ng/ml to 520 ng/ml. The highests amount of fumonisin B1 including 424 ng/ml, 422 ng/ml and 520 ng/ml were produced in 28% corn seed moister pH: 4 and 24 hours-light treatment, respectively. Therefore, by controlling the environmental conditions in seed storage and silo, the production of fumonisins can be minimized.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fumonisins
  • Secondary metabolite
  • Mycotoxin
  • Fusarium verticillioides
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