اثر اندوفیت شدن قارچ بیمارگر حشرات Beauveria bassiana بر صفات رشدی پنج رقم کلزاBrassica napus

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. ایران.

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج. ایران.

3 گروه حشره‌شناسی، دانشگاه تگزاس، آمریکا.

چکیده

امروزه کشت کلزا، Brassica napus به عنوان مهم‌ترین دانه­روغنی، به دلیل ضرورت تولید روغن­خوراکی توسعه یافته است. استفاده از عوامل پروبیوتیک در جهت بهبود صفات رشدی، عملکردی و مقاومت به آفات، می‌تواند اثرات زیان‌بار ناشی از بکارگیری سموم و کودهای شیمیایی را تعدیل نماید. در این پژوهش، نقش اندوفیتی قارچ Beauveria bassiana، در پنج رقم کلزا اوکاپی، نپتون، نفیس، نیما و آتورا از نظر استقرار قارچ و بهبود صفات رشدی گیاه بررسی شد. بذور به صورت غوطه‌وری در سوسپانسیون‌ قارچی با غلظت­های‌ 106 و 107 کنیدی در میلی­لیتر و نیز پوشش دادن با پودر کنیدی‌، تیمار شدند. تا 21 روز پس از مایه‌زنی، نمونه‌برداری برای تعیین استقرار قارچ در گیاه و اندازه‌گیری صفات رشدی کلزا صورت ­گرفت. برای استحصال قارچ از گیاه، بافت‌های گیاهی در SDAY قرار داده ­شد و تا 10 روز ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد قارچ به صورت اندوفیت در کلیه ارقام، استقرار یافته و تا 21 روز پس از مایه‌زنی قارچ، قابل استحصال بود. تجزیه داده‎‌های مربوط به صفات رشدی نشان داد که بین گیاهان تیمار شده و شاهد، اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت و رقم نپتون پاسخ مطلوب­تری به قارچ اندوفیت نشان داد. از آن­جا که نپتون جز ارقام زمستانه با سطح زیرکشت بالا در کشور می­باشد، تیمار بذر آن با کنیدی قارچ قبل از کشت، به صورت عملیاتی در کشور توصیه می‌شود. این امر سبب بهبود صفات رشدی گیاه استراتژِیک کلزا شده و نهایتا ارتقا شاخص­های عملکردی را سبب خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of endophytic Beauveria bassiana on growth traits of five rapeseed varieties Brassica napus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Solhjouy-Fard 1
  • Reza Talaei-Hassanloui 1
  • Reza Maali-Amiri 2
  • Gregory A. Sword 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran;
3 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
چکیده [English]

Today, development of rapeseed Brassica napus cultivation has been considered due to the need to produce edible oil. Using chemical pesticides and fertilizers for the product increase has had detrimental effects on the environment and food safety. Applying probiotic agents could increase rapeseed improvement and growth factors besides promoting crop resistance to pests and diseases in sustainable agriculture. Thus, the endophytic role of Beauveria bassiana as the most well-known insect pathogenic fungus was investigated in five rapeseed varieties as Okapi, Nepton, Nafis, Nima, and Atura in terms of establishment and improvement of their growth indices. The seeds of these cultivars were treated by immersion in fungal suspensions of 106 and 107 conidia per­ ml and by coating with fungus conidial powder. Sampling was performed to determine the presence of fungus in the plant and to measure growth factors, until 21 days after inoculation. To re-isolate the fungus from the plant tissues, the tissues were plated on SDAY and evaluated after 10 days. The results showed that the fungus was well established as an endophyte in all varieties. Analysis of data on growth variables showed that there was a significant difference between treated and control plants for each variety. Nepton demonstrated a better response. Since this cultivar is one of the winter varieties that is commonly cultivated in Iran, seed treatment by the fungus could be used operationally in our country. This will improve the growth traits of the strategic plant, rapeseed, and increase the yield indices, ultimately.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological fertilizer
  • Fungal suspension
  • Nepton
  • oilseed
  • Productivity
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