اثر چند باکتری پروبیوتیک و روش های مختلف کاربرد آنها در کنترل زیستی بیماری برق زدگی نخود

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
 
 
بیماری برق‌زدگی نخود ناشی از قارچAscochyta rabiei  در سراسر جهان سبب کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت نخود (Cicer arietinum) می‌شود. در این پژوهش، پتانسیل بیوکنترلی ۱۲ سویه باکتری پروبیوتیک از جنس‌های Alcaligenes، Arthrobacter، Bacillus، Delftia، Lysinibacillus، Pseudomonas و Stenotrophomonas علیه A. rabiei بررسی گردید. در آزمون‌های کشت متقابل و تولید ترکیبات فرار، همه باکتری­های پروبیوتیک (به‌جز یک جدایه باسیلوس) اثر بازدارندگی معنی‌داری بر رشد میسلیوم بیمارگر داشتند. بیشترین بازدارندگی در آزمون‌ کشت متقابل توسط Bacillus subtilis BS )۵۷.۸۴ درصد) و در آزمون‌ ترکیبات فرار توسط Alcaligenes faecalis 1624 (۷۲.۵ درصد) به‌دست آمد. شش باکتری پروبیوتیک با بهترین نتایج بازدارندگی در آزمایشگاه انتخاب شدند و اثر بیوکنترلی بر بیماری و تحریک‌کنندگی رشد گیاه (وزن تر و خشک) در حضور بیمارگر با دو روش کاربرد بذری و محلول­پاشی برگی، در گلخانه ارزیابی گردید. همه باکتری­های پروبیوتیک‌ منتخب در هر دو روش کاربرد، با اختلاف معنی‌دار نسبت به شاهد بیمار سبب کاهش شاخص بیماری و افزایش فاکتورهای رشدی نخود شدند ولی با تیمار بذری A. faecalis 1624 افزایش وزن تر اندام هوایی مشاهده نشد. تیمار برگیB. subtilis BS  با اختلاف زیاد نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر، کارآمدترین سویه در کاهش شاخص بیماری (۶۳.۸۰ درصد) و افزایش فاکتورهای رشدی گیاه نخود بود. بر طبق نتایج این تحقیق، کاربرد برگیB. subtilis BS   پتانسیل بالایی در بیوکنترل برق‌زدگی و افزایش رشد نخود داشت. بنابراین، در صورت تأیید کارایی آن در مطالعات مزرعه‌ای، در آینده می‌توان از آن در مدیریت تلفیقی این بیماری استفاده نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of some probiotic bacteria and different methods of their application in biological control of chickpea ascochyta blight disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahid Moarrefzadeh
  • Hadi Khateri
  • Rouhallah Sharifi
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Chickpea ascochya blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei, reduces the yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) around the world. The biocontrol potential of 12 bacterial probiotics from genera Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Delftia, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas and  Stenotrophomonas was investigated against A. rabiei. In dual-culture and volatile compounds production tests, all probiotic bacteria (except one Bacillus isolate) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen. The highest inhibition in these tests was obtained by Bacillus subtilis BS (57.84%) and Alcaligenes faecalis 1624 (72.5%), respectively. Six probiotic bacteria with the best inhibitory results in the laboratory were selected and their biocontrol and growth stimulation (fresh and dry weight) effects were evaluated in the presence of the pathogen using seed application and foliar spraying methods in the greenhouse. In comparison to the disease control, all selected probiotics in both application methods significantly reduced the disease index and increased the growth factors of chickpea plants (except for the seed treatment of A. faecalis 1624 which did not increase the fresh weight of shoots). Foliar application of B. subtilis BS, with large difference to other treatments, was the most effective treatment in reducing the disease index (63.80%) and increasing the growth factors of chickpea. According to the results of this study, foliar application of B. subtilis BS had great potential in biocontrol of ascochya blight and growth promotion of chickpea. Therefore, if its effectiveness is confirmed by field studies, it could be used in integrated management of this disease in the future.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Chickpea ascochyta blight
  • Dual culture
  • Foliar spray
  • Seed application
  • Volatile compounds
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