کنترل بیولوژیک بیماری پاخوره گندم با استفاده از دو گونه Trichoderma harzianum و Trichoderma viride

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی. دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان.

چکیده

چکیده
بیماری پاخوره ­گندم ناشی از قارچ Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici، یکی از بیماری­ های مهم گندم در دنیا می­ باشد. در این تحقیق کاربرد دو گونه قارچ تریکودرما در کنترل این بیماری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه ‎­ای بررسی شد. عامل بیماری از بوته ‎های مشکوک به آلودگی از مزارع گندم شهرستان خرم ­آباد جداسازی و با استفاده از منابع معتبر قارچ­شناسی شناسایی و بیماری زایی آن در شرایط گلخانه اثبات شد. ابتدا در شرایط آزمایشگاهی توانایی بازدارندگی از رشد پرگنه قارچ بیمارگر توسط قارچ ­های Trichodermaharzianum و T. viride  در کشت متقابل و اثر متابولیت ­های فرار گازی این قارچ ­های آنتاگونیست بررسی شد. سپس تاثیر  کاربرد انفرادی و تلفیقی دو گونه Trichoderma و قارچ کش تریادیمنول در مهار بیماری پاخوره در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی دارای  16 تیمار و 4  تکرار در شرایط گلخانه بررسی و شدت بیماری­ و  شاخص­ های رشدی در تیمارها ثبت و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل ­های آماری قرار گرفتند. بررسی ­های آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که هردو گونه­ Trichoderma از طریق مکانیسم­ های مختلف باعث متلاشی شدن و بازداری رشد میسیلیوم­ قارچ G.graminis شدند. تلفیق تریادیمنول و دو قارچ آنتاگونیست،  قارچ­ کش تریادیمنول،  کاربرد انفرادی T. harzianum و T. viride  یک ماه بعد از کاشت به ترتیب باعث کاهش 70/60%، 58%، 47/06% و 47/06% شدت بیماری پاخوره گندم در گلخانه شدند. عوامل بیوکنترل  Trichoderma و تلفیق کنترل شیمیایی با قارچ آنتاگونیست می­ تواند رهیافتی امید بخش در مهار بیماری پاخوره گندم باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biological control of wheat take-all disease using Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Kianivafa
  • Eidi Bazgir
  • Mostafa Darvishnia
Plant Protection Department, Agriculture Faculty, Lorestan University
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is one of the important diseases of wheat worldwide. In this study, application of two Trichoderma species on the control of this disease was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The causal agent of disease was isolated from suspected diseased plants in wheat fields of Khorrramabad district, identified according to scientific mycological literatures and its pathogenicity was proven in greenhouse. The mycelial inhibition potential of Trichoderma harzianum and T.viride in dual culture and volatile metabolite effects against the pathogen were tested in vitro. Then, single and combined greenhouse application of the two Trichoderma isolates and triadimenole fungicide for control of take-all disease were investigated using a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and four replications and disease severity and growth indices were recorded and analyzed statistically. In vitro experiments showed that both of the Trichoderma species disintegrated the hypha and inhibited the mycelia growth of G. graminis. Combined application of triadimenole fungicide with the two antagonists, triadimenole, and single application of T. harzianum and T. viride reduced take-all severity by 70.6, 58, 47.06 and 47.06 percent, respectively in greenhouse after 30 days of sowing. Trichoderma biocontrol agent and integration of chemical compounds with antagonists would provide promising strategy for management of wheat talke-all disease.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Antagonist
  • Biocontrol
  • Gaeumannomyces
  • Trichoderma
  • Wheat
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