تاثیر تیمار گیاه باقلا با قارچ Trichoderma harzianum TR6 بر زیست شناسی شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز. ایران

2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
گونه ­های جنس تریکودرما از عوامل مهم بیوکنترل بیمارگرهای گیاهی می­باشند. اما پتانسیل گونه­ های تریکودرما در مدیریت آفات گیاهی ناشناخته باقی مانده است. در این مطالعه تاثیر قارچ Trichderma harzianum TR6 روی فراسنجه­ های جدول زندگی شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae  در مقایسه با شاهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان باقلا کاشته شده و جمعیت شته سیاه باقلا در شرایط دمایی 2 ± 25 درجه­ سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 50% و دوره­ نوری 14 ساعت روشنایی و 10 ساعت تاریکی پرورش داده شدند. سپس سوسپانسیون اسپور قارچ با غلظت 106 ×1 در هر میلی لیتر به خاک لیوان­ های کاشته شده به مقدار پنج میلی ­لیتر به وسیله سرنگ استریل اضافه شد. نتایج آزمایش تاثیر تیمار قارچ روی گیاه باقلا نشان داد که تیمار با قارچ نسبت به تیمار شاهد اثر معنی ­داری روی ویژگی ­های زیستی شته سیاه باقلا داشت. طولانی ­ترین مدت زمان رشد و نمو (36/20 روز) و کم­ترین میزان پوره­ زایی در تیمار T. harzianum TR6به دست آمد. بین تیمار قارچ و شاهد از نظر نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت تفاوت معنی ­دار مشاهد گردید (5/0 ≥P ). به­ طوری که بیش­ترین میزان این آماره روی تیمار شاهد (01/0± 42/0 روز1-) و کم­ترین آن روی تیمار قارچ T. harzianum TR6 (01/0 ± 16/0 روز1-) مشاهده شد. امید به زندگی پوره ­های شته­ سیاه باقلا که روی گیاه باقلا تیمار شده با قارچ پرورش یافته ­اند به طور معنی­ داری در مقایسه با شاهد کم­تر بود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده می ­توان اظهار داشت تیمار گیاهان باقلا با قارچ تریکودرما می­تواند در کاهش جمعیت شته سیاه باقلا موثر باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of bean plant treatment with Trichoderma harzianum TR6 on the biology of bean aphid Aphis fabae

نویسندگان [English]

  • Solmaz Azimi 1
  • Saedeh Shahin 2
  • Alireza Alizadeh 2
1 Department of Plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shaid Madani Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shaid Madani Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Trichoderma species are important biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. However, potential of Trichoderma species in insect pest management, remain poorly understood.  In this study, the effect of T. harzianum TR6 on the life table parameters of black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, was evaluated under glasshouse conditions as compared to control. The Vicia faba and black bean aphid were grown in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 0C, %50 ± 5 RH and a photoperiod of 14 L : 10 D hours. Then, five ml of fungal spore suspension (with concentration of 1 × 106 ml-1) was added into the soil of sown mugs with a sterile syringe. The results obtained in this study revealed that T. harzianum scientifically affected the biological properties of black bean aphid in comparison with the control. Treatment with T. harzianum resulted in the highest developmental time (20.36 days) and the lowest fertility rate in black bean aphid. There was significant differences in terms of inherent rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control. The highest rate was occurred in control treatment (0.42 ± 0.01 day-1) and the lowest in treatment with T. harzianum (0.16 ± 0.01 day-1). The life expectancy of black bean aphids, which was grown on T. harzianum treated soil, was significantly lower than control. According to the results, it can be stated that treatment of faba bean plant with T. harzianum can be effective in reducing the population of the aphids of the bean.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Aphid
  • Bean plant
  • Induced resistance
  • Life table
  • Pest
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