سنک آفتابگردان، Galeatus scrophicus: ریخت شناسی، الگوی پراکنش فضایی پوره ها و علایم خسارت آن روی آفتابگردان و داوودی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
     سنک آفتابگردان Galeatus scrophicus در ایران تاکنون از روی گز، آفتابگردان و داوودی گزارش شده است. در پژوهش حاضر، ریخت­ شناسی، الگوی پراکنش فضایی پوره­ ها و علایم خسارت این حشره مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این حشره پنج سن پورگی دارد که میانگین طول بدن پوره­ های سنین اول تا پنجم و حشرات کامل نر و ماده به ترتیب 03/0 ±  54/0، 06/0 ±  76/0، 06/0 ± 01/1، 07/0 ± 23/1، 05/0 ± 76/1، 11/0 ± 72/2 و 1/0 ±  98/2 میلی­متر به دست آمد. پوره­ ها روی بدن خود دارای ساختارهای خارمانندی هستند که با افزایش سن به طول آن­ها افزوده می ­شود. در پوره ­های سن پنجم، ساختارهای حباب ­مانندی همانند حشرات کامل به وجود می­ آیند. بزرگ­تر بودن هود از حباب پیش­گرده­ای عقبی و وجود پنج سلول در زایده کنارگرده­ای از مشخصات مهم حشرات کامل این گونه است. میانگین طول بدن حشرات کامل نر و ماده به ترتیب 11/0 ± 72/2 و 1/0 ± 98/2 میلی­متر بود. خسارت این حشره روی آفتابگردان و داوودی توسط پوره­ ها و حشرات کامل با تغذیه از سطوح رویی و زیرین برگ­ها (در آفتابگردان هم­چنین از سطوح رویی و زیرین براکته نهنج) صورت می ­گیرد به طوری که خسارت در هر سطوح رویی و زیرین برگ­ها عمدتا از حاشیه برگ­ها (گاه از مجاورت رگبرگ میانی) شروع می ­شد و سپس به داخل پهنک امتداد می­ یافت. فضولات پوره ­ها و حشرات کامل به صورت نقاط سیاه­رنگ کوچک و براق بیشتر به صورت مجزا و به فراوانی در محل­ های تغذیه قابل مشاهده بودند. طبق نتایج، پراکنش فضایی پوره­ ها بر روی آفتابگردان با استفاده از پنج شاخص پراکنش، از نوع تصادفی بود. در تعیین پارامترهای پراکنش فضایی، روش تایلور از روش ایوائو بهتر بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The sunflower lace bug, Galeatus scrophicus: morphology, spatial distribution pattern of nymphs and its damage on sunflower and chrysanthemum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Yazdanian 1
  • Atefeh Hosseini Mighani 2
1 Assistant Professor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Former MSc Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
    The sunflower lace bug Galeatus scrophicus has yet been recorded in Iran on tamarisk, sunflower and chrysanthemum. In the present study, its morphology, spatial distribution pattern of nymphs and symptoms of damage were investigated. The insect has five instars and average body length in first to fifth instars and male and female adults were 0.54 ± 0.03, 0.76 ± 0.06, 1.01 ± 0.06, 1.23 ± 0.07, 1.76 ± 0.05, 2.72 ± 0.11 and 2.98 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. Nymphs have thorn-like structures on their bodies which become longer by introducing to the next instar. At fifth instars, bulb-like structures similar to those of adults appear on body. Larger size of hood in comparison to the posterior pronotal bulb and five cells in paranotal process are two characters of adults of this species. Average body length in male and female adults were 2.72 ± 0.11 and 2.98 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. On sunflower and chrysanthemum, nymphs and adults caused damage just on upper and lower leaf surfaces (on sunflower also on upper and lower surfaces of involucral bracts). Damage on both upper and lower surfaces began mainly at leaf margin (sometimes at the adjacent of midrib) and then extended to the inner parts of lamina. Faeces of nymphs and adults were visible individually and at high numbers at feeding sites as shiny small black spots. According to the results, the spatial distribution of nymphs on sunflower by using five distribution indices was random. For determination of spatial distribution parameters, Taylor's model was more adequate than Iwao's model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Adults
  • Distribution indices
  • Galeatus scrophicus
  • Morphology
  • Nymphs
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