بررسی کارایی حشره‌کشی نانوذرات اکسید روی سنتز شده با استفاده از عصاره جلبک قهوه‌ای Polycladia myrica علیه سوسک چهار نقطه‌ای حبوباتCallosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

2 گروه شیمی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران

3 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

4 گروه جانورشناسی، پردیس Pt. L.M.S.، دانشگاه سری دو سومان اوتاراکند، ریشیکش، اوتاراکند، هند

چکیده

خطرات زیست‌محیطی و سلامت انسان مرتبط با حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی، بررسی­ های گسترده‌ای را برای یافتن روش‌های جایگزین برای محافظت از محصولات انباری برانگیخته است. اخیراً، نانوذرات به عنوان جایگزین‌های امیدوارکننده‌ای برای محصولات شیمیایی مصنوعی در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. در این مطالعه، نانوذرات  روی (ZnO NPs) با استفاده از عصاره جلبک Polycladia myrica سنتز شدند و با استفاده از پراش اشعه ایکس (XRD)، طیف ­سنجی مادون قرمز (FTIR)  و میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی نشر میدانی (FE-SEM) شناسایی شدند. سه نوع مختلف از نانوذرات روی، ZnO-A، ZnO-B  وZnO-C، با استفاده از عصاره جلبک و با دو روش مختلف سنتز شدند. فعالیت حشره‌کشی آنها علیه سوسک چهار نقطه ­ای حبوبات،Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)  روی لوبیا چشم بلبلی انبارشده ارزیابی و با نانوذرات روی سنتز شده به صورت شیمیاییZnO-D  مقایسه شد. نانوذرات ZnO-A،ZnO-B  و ZnO-C بیوسنتز شده، فعالیت بالاتری را علیه C. maculatus  در مقایسه با نانوذرات ZnO-D نشان دادند. نانوذرات متخلخل ZnO-A با کوچکترین اندازه ذرات (3/24 نانومتر) به عنوان سمی‌ترین نانوذرات تعیین شدند که پس از پنج روز قرار گرفتن در معرض آنها، بالاترین میزان مرگ و میر حشرات بالغ C. maculatus را ایجاد کردند، در حالی که نانوذرات ZnO-D کمترین تأثیر را در کنترل C. maculatus داشتند. کاهش قابل توجه تخم‌ریزی (1/35 تا 9/44 درصد) و کاهش نتاج (7/35 تا 6/45 درصد) نیز برای حشراتی که در معرض لوبیا چشم بلبلی تیمار شده با نانوذرات ZnO-A با غلظت 500 تا 2000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم قرار داشتند، مشاهده شد. میانگین کاهش وزن دانه‌های لوبیا چشم بلبلی تیمار شده با نانوذرات ZnO-A، ZnO-B  و ZnO-C در غلظت 2000 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم به ترتیب 8/23، 1/28 و 5/33 درصد بود که اختلاف معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد (2/52 درصد) داشتند. نتایج این بررسی نشان می‌دهد که نانوذرات روی بیوسنتز شده می‌توانند به عنوان یک جایگزین مناسب برای کنترل C. maculatus در لوبیا چشم بلبلی انبار شده در نظر گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Insecticidal efficacy of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using brown algae Polycladia myrica extract against Callosobruchus maculatus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Sohrabi 1
  • Zahra Solati 2
  • Fatemeh Bagheri 2
  • Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini 1
  • Masumeh Ziaee 3
  • Ahmad Pervez 4
1 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
2 Chemistry Department, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Department of Zoology, Pt. L.M.S. Campus, Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand University, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
چکیده [English]

The environmental and human health risks of chemical insecticides have prompted extensive searches for alternative methods to protect stored products. Recently, nanoparticles have been considered as promising alternatives to synthetic chemical products. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Polycladia myrica algae extract, and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Three types of ZnO NPs, ZnO-A, ZnO-B, and ZnO-C, were synthesized using algae extract by two different methods. Their insecticidal activity was evaluated and compared with the chemically synthesized ZnO-D NPs against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpeas. Biosynthesized ZnO-A, ZnO-B, and ZnO-C NPs exhibited higher activity against C. maculatus when compared with ZnO-D NPs. Porous ZnO-A NPs with the smallest particle size (24.3 nm) were determined to be the most toxic nanoparticles, causing the highest mortality rate of C. maculatus adults after five days of exposure, while ZnO-D NPs were the least effective for C. maculatus control. A significant oviposition inhibition (35.1 to 44.9%) and progeny reduction (35.7 to 45.6%) was also observed for insects exposed to ZnO-A NPs-treated cowpeas at 500 to 2000 mg kg-1. The average weight loss of cowpea seeds treated with ZnO-A, ZnO-B, and ZnO-C NPs at 2000 mg kg-1 was 23.8, 28.1, and 33.5%, respectively, with significant difference compared to untreated control (52.2%). Our results suggest that biosynthesized ZnO NPs can be considered as a viable alternative for controlling C. maculatus in stored cowpeas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cowpea weevil
  • Polycladia myrica
  • Insect pest control
  • Nanotechnology
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