مقایسه فعالیت نماتدکشی عصاره خام چند قارچ و اسانس گیاه رازیانه بر نماتد Ditylenchus dipsaci در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

نماتد ساقه و پیاز Ditylenchus dipsaci یکی از خسارت­ زا­ترین نماتدهای انگل گیاهی است که انتشار جهانی دارد. این نماتد دارای دامنه میزبانی وسیع می‎‌باشد. کنترل زیستی یکی از رویکردهای جای­گزین برای مدیریت شیمیایی نماتدهای انگل گیاهی به‌شمار می­ رود. مطالعات متعددی اثر نماتدکشی ترکیباتی با منشا قارچی و گیاهی را گزارش کرده ­اند. بر ­همین اساس در این پژوهش فعالیت نماتدکشی عصاره‌های خام  چهار گونه‌ قارچ شامل Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia ، Microdochium bolleyi ،Exophiala equina  و Scytalidium sp.، اسانس گیاه رازیانه  Foeniculum vulgare و نماتدکش شیمیایی متام­سدیم در برابر D. dipsaci در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. آزمایش ­های زیست­ سنجی با هفت غلظت و چهار بار تکرار در روزهای مختلف روی نماتدهای تکثیر شده (60 روزه) انجام و مرگ­ نماتد­ها بعد از 24 و 48 ساعت ثبت شد. بعد از انجام تجزیه پروبیت داده ­های حاصل، مقادیر LC50 پس از 24 ساعت برای عصاره خام قارچ ­های P. chlamydosporia، M. bolleyi، E. equina و Scytalidium sp. به­ ترتیب 49/69، 97/142، 24/135 و 49/330 پی­ پی­ ام و برای اسانس رازیانه و سم متام­ سدیم به ­ترتیب برابر 1217 و 32/11 پی­ پی ­ام به ­دست آمد. مقادیر  LC90 پس از 24 ساعت به ­ترتیب 48/109، 03/198، 13/191 و 96/460 پی­ پی ­ام برای عصاره‌های قارچ‌ها و برای اسانس رازیانه و سم متام ­سدیم به ­ترتیب 1640 و 39/15 پی­ پی ­ام به‌دست آمد. جهت شناسایی اجزای عصاره­ های قارچ ­ها و اسانس گیاهی از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف­ سنج جرمی (GC-MS) استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، اسیدهای چرب و Trans - Anethole به ترتیب بخش اصلی تشکیل دهنده عصاره خام این قارچ‌ها و اسانس رازیانه بود. با توجه به نتایج، تمامی عصاره‌های خام مورد آزمایش اثرات کنترلی مطلوبی را علیه D. dipsaci نشان دادند و ارزش انجام بررسی‌های بیشتر را دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of nematicidal activity of some fungal crude extractand and Foeniculum vulgare essential oil against Ditylenchus dipsaci under laboratory conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Niknam
  • Roghaiyeh Karimzadeh
  • Sepideh Biabani
  • Abolfazl Narmani
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci is one of the most damaging plant parasitic nematodes with global distribution. This nematode has a wide host range. Biological control is one of the alternative approaches for chemical control of plant parasitic nematodes. Several studies have reported the nematicidal effect of compounds with fungal and plant origin. Accordingly, in this research, the nematicidal activity of the metabolites of four species of fungi including Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia; Microdochium bolleyi; Exophiala equina and Scytalidium sp. and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil were studied in laboratory conditions in comparison with Metam sodium as a positive control against D. dipsaci. Bioassay tests on the effects of metabolites of fungi, plant essential oil and Metam sodium were carried out in four replications and seven treatments on the nematodes (60 days old) and the mortality percent of the nematodes were recorded after 24 and 48 hours. After performing the probit analysis of the resulted data, LC50 values after 24 hours for the metabolites of P. chlamydosporia, M. bolleyi, E. equina and Scytalidium sp. were 69.49, 142.97, 135.24, 330.49 ppm, respectively, and for fennel essential oil and Metam sodium were 1217 and 11.32 ppm, respectively. LC90 values after 24 hours for metabolites of P. chlamydosporia, M. bolleyi, E. equina and Scytalidium sp. were 109.48, 198.03, 191.13, and 460.96 ppm, respectively, and 1640 and 15.39 ppm obtained for fennel essential oil and Metam sodium, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) equipped with a DB5 column were used to identify the components of the metabolites of the fungi and plant essential oil. Based on the results, fatty acids and Trans-Anethole were the main components of the crude extract of these fungi and fennel essential oil, respectively. According to the results, all the tested compounds showed suitable control effects against the nematode D. dipsaci and are worth conducting further studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioassay
  • Biological control
  • Integrated management
  • Lethal concentration
  • Secondary metabolite

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پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 25-34

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 اردیبهشت 1405

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