نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci is one of the most damaging plant parasitic nematodes with global distribution. This nematode has a wide host range. Biological control is one of the alternative approaches for chemical control of plant parasitic nematodes. Several studies have reported the nematicidal effect of compounds with fungal and plant origin. Accordingly, in this research, the nematicidal activity of the metabolites of four species of fungi including Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia; Microdochium bolleyi; Exophiala equina and Scytalidium sp. and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil were studied in laboratory conditions in comparison with Metam sodium as a positive control against D. dipsaci. Bioassay tests on the effects of metabolites of fungi, plant essential oil and Metam sodium were carried out in four replications and seven treatments on the nematodes (60 days old) and the mortality percent of the nematodes were recorded after 24 and 48 hours. After performing the probit analysis of the resulted data, LC50 values after 24 hours for the metabolites of P. chlamydosporia, M. bolleyi, E. equina and Scytalidium sp. were 69.49, 142.97, 135.24, 330.49 ppm, respectively, and for fennel essential oil and Metam sodium were 1217 and 11.32 ppm, respectively. LC90 values after 24 hours for metabolites of P. chlamydosporia, M. bolleyi, E. equina and Scytalidium sp. were 109.48, 198.03, 191.13, and 460.96 ppm, respectively, and 1640 and 15.39 ppm obtained for fennel essential oil and Metam sodium, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) equipped with a DB5 column were used to identify the components of the metabolites of the fungi and plant essential oil. Based on the results, fatty acids and Trans-Anethole were the main components of the crude extract of these fungi and fennel essential oil, respectively. According to the results, all tested the compounds showed suitable control effects against the nematode D. dipsaci and are worth conducting further studies.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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