اثرات زیرکشندگی سه حشره کش روی پراسنجه های جدول زندگی زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، ایران.

2 گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
سم ­­شناسی دموگرافیک بهترین روش جهت ارزیابی اثرات کلی آفت­کش­ها روی یک جمعیت دشمن طبیعی آفت است. در این پژوهش، اثرات کشنده و زیرکشنده حشره ­کش ­های ایمیداکلوپرید، پای­متروزین و دایابون®روی جمعیت جنسی زنبور Lysiphlebus fabarum در مراحل لاروی، شفیرگی و بالغ پارازیتوئید، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سمیت حشره­کش­ها روی مراحل نابالغ پارازیتوئید با روش غوطه­ ور­­سازی برگ ­های حاوی شته ­های  Aphis fabaeپارازیته شده، ارزیابی شد. حشره­کش­ها درصد ظهور حشرات کامل زنبور از شته­های پارازیته تیمار شده (حاوی مرحله لاروی پارازیتوئید) با غلظت توصیه شده مزرعه ­ای را کاهش دادند. ایمیداکلوپرید سمیت بیشتری روی مرحله شفیرگی پارازیتوئید نسبت به دایابون و پای­متروزین­ داشت. سمیت ایمیداکلوپرید روی حشرات کامل به ­طور معنی ­داری بیشتر از پای­متروزین بود. دایابون® فاقد اثر باقیمانده روی حشرات کامل بود. برای بررسی اثر زیرکشنده سه حشره ­کش­ روی پراسنجه ­های جدول زندگی L. fabarum، غلظت­ هایی که 25 درصد تلفات ایجاد کردند، برای تیمارهای مراحل لاروی و بالغ و غلظت توصیه شده مزرعه­ ای برای تیمار مرحله شفیرگی استفاده شدند. طول عمر، باروری، طول دوره تخمریزی، نسبت جنسی و برخی پراسنجه ­های جدول زندگی (r، λ، R0) پارازیتوئیدهای تیمار شده با ایمیداکلوپرید در مراحل لاروی، شفیرگی و بالغ نسبت به سایر حشره­ کش ­ها به ­طور­ منفی و معنی ­داری تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. مقادیر نرخ ذاتی رشد جمعیت (r) در تیمار ایمیداکلوپرید 01/0 ± 2035/0، 01/0 ± 2240/0 و 01/0 ± 2273/0 (روز-1) و در شاهد 01/0 ± 2635/0، 01/0 ± 2759/0 و 01/0 ± 2687/0 (روز-1) به ­ترتیب در مراحل لاروی، شفیرگی و بالغ پارازیتوئید بود. طبق نتایج به ­دست آمده، حشره ­کش ­های پای­متروزین و دایابون® می­توانند درتلفیق با زنبور L. fabarum برای کنترل شته A. fabae مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sublethal effects of three insecticides on life table parameters of the parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Aminijam 1
  • Moosa Saber 2
1 1Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Basic Sciences, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran,
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Demographic toxicology is usually the best way to evaluate total effects of pesticides on a population of natural enemy. Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid, pymetrozine and Dayabon® were investigated on the sexual population of Lysiphlebus fabarum at laboratory conditions. Toxicity of the insecticides on immature stages of L. fabarum was evaluated, by dipping leaves containing parasitized Aphis fabae. These insecticides significantly reduced adult emergence rate when parasitized aphids were treated with field-recommended concentrations at larval stage. Imidacloprid had more toxicity than pymetrozine and Dayabon® at pupal stage. Imidacloprid was significantly more toxic than pymetrozine at adult stage. Dayabon® did not have residual effect on adults. In order to assess sublethal effects of three insecticides on life-table parameters of L. fabarum, the concentrations that had 25% mortality threshold and field-recommended concentrations were used for larval, adult and pupal stages treatments, respectively. Adults’ longevity, mean fecundity, females' oviposition period, sex ratio and some population parameters (r,λ, R0) were negatively affected by application of imidacloprid in comparison with other insecticides and control at larval, pupal and adult stages treatments. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) values for imidacloprid treatment and control at larval, pupal and adult stages of parasitoid were 0.2035 ± 0.01, 0.2240 ± 0.01 and 0.2273 ± 0.01 (day-1) and 0.2635 ± 0.01, 0.2759 ± 0.01 and 0.2687 ± 0.01 (day-1), respectively. According to obtained results, pymetrozine and Dayabon® could be used to control A. fabae in combination with L. fabarum.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Aphis fabae
  • Biocontrol
  • Demography
  • Insecticides
  • Integrated pest management
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