ارزیابی واکنش سه هیبرید ذرت به تغذیه ساقه خوار اروپایی ذرت، Ostrinia nubilalis در تاریخ کاشت های مختلف در منطقه مغان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک موسسه گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، استان اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
این بررسی به منظور مطالعه تاثیر تاریخ کاشت بر شدت آلودگی و خسارت ساقه­خوار اروپایی ذرت روی سه هیبرید ذرت انجام گرفت. بدین منظور دو آزمایش جدا (انجام سمپاشی و عدم سمپاشی بر علیه ساقه خوار اروپایی ذرت) در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل با دو عامل تاریخ کاشت (شامل پنجم اردیبهشت، 20 اردیبهشت و چهارم خرداد ماه) و رقم (شامل هیبریدهای SC705، SC704 و SC706) بر پایه طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار به مدت دو سال در منطقه مغان اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد دانه هیبریدهای مورد مطالعه در شرایط سمپاشی شده با 28/13 تن در هکتار به طور معنی­ داری بیش از شرایط سمپاشی نشده با 45/11 تن در هکتار بود. این نشان می­دهد که عدم انجام سمپاشی بر علیه این آفت موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه به میزان 1830 کیلوگرم در هر هکتار (80/13 درصد) گردید. نتایج همچنین نشان داد در هر دو شرایط سمپاشی شده و سمپاشی نشده، تاریخ کاشت چهارم خرداد به ترتیب با 57/14 و 98/12 تن در هکتار بالاترین عملکرد دانه را دارا بود. در شرایط سمپاشی نشده هیبرید SC706 با 19/12 تن در هکتار بطور معنی ­داری عملکرد دانه بالاتری نسبت به دو هیبرید SC704 وSC705 به ترتیب با 38/11 و 78/10 تن در هکتار داشت. هیبرید SC706 بر اساس میانگین دو ساله پایین ­ترین تعداد سوراخ در ساقه، طول دالان در بوته، درصد بوته­ های آلوده به آفت و درصد ساقه شکسته شده در اثر خسارت آفت را نیز داشت. بنابراین، هیبرید SC706، هیبریدی پر محصول و نسبتا متحمل به ساقه ­خوار ذرت می باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the response of three maize hybrids against European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis in different sowing dates in the Moghan region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahimi Laleh 1
  • Mohammad Reza Shiri 2
  • Ali Badali 3
1 BioControl Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
3 Horticultural Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Moghan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the severity of infestation and damage of European Corn Borrer (ECB) on three maize hybrids. Two separate experiments (with and without insecticide spraying against ECB) were conducted as a factorial experiment with two factors including sowing date at three levels (25th April, 10th May and 25th May) and hybrids at three levels (SC704, SC705- and SC706) based on randomized complete block design with four replications for two years in Moghan region, Iran. The results showed that the grain yield of the studied hybrids under spraying conditions with 13.28 t ha-1 was significantly higher than the no spraying conditions with 11.45 t ha-1. This shows that no spraying against this pest reduced grain yield by 1830 kg ha-1 (13.80%). The results also showed that in both spraying and no spraying conditions, 25th May sowing date had the highest grain yield with 14.57 and 12.98 t ha-1, respectively. In no spraying conditions, SC706 hybrid with 12.19 t ha-1 showed significantly higher grain yield than SC704 and SC705 hybrids with 11.38 and 10.78 t ha-1 grain yield, respectively. Based on the two-year average, the SC706 hybrid also had the lowest number of holes per stem, tunnel length per plant, percentage of plant infestation and percentage of stalk breakage due to the pest damage. Therefore, the SC706 hybrid is a productive hybrid that is relatively tolerant against ECB.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • KeyWords: Damage
  • Tolerance
  • Grain yield
  • No spraying
  • Stalk breakage

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 بهمن 1399

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