Co-infection of tomato brown rugose fruit virus and cucumber mosaic virus in tomato in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan Zanjan, Iran.

Abstract

During surveys conducted in several greenhouses in northwestern and southwestern Iran in the fall of 2021-2022, viral symptoms such as leaf mosaic, leaf deformation, and shoestring were observed in several tomato plants. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using specific primers to detect the tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). A 458 base pair fragment corresponding to a part of the coat protein gene was amplified in all symptomatic samples. Sequence blast analysis and multiple alignment of the sequenced isolate with those of the isolates obtained from GenBank revealed 99.76% nucleotide sequence identity with existing GenBank isolates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped ToBRFV isolates into three clades, the Iranian isolate (Jol-F-2022) fell into clade II. The possibility of mixed infection in the samples with important viruses was investigated using universal orthotospovirus primers, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-specific primers. In five samples, CMV-specific primers amplified a 657-base pair fragment of the envelope protein gene, whereas no fragment was amplified with general primers for the orthotospovirus genus and specific primers for PMMoV, ToMV. Nucleotide blast (BLASTn) analysis revealed a nucleotide sequence identity around 95.13-98.85 between the Iranian CMV isolate and the corresponding sequences in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein gene grouped the CMV isolates into three major groups, the Iranian isolate grouped with the Indian CMV isolates in the subgroup IB. Biological studies were performed by mechanical inoculation of an infected sample on Nicotiana rustica. The inoculated plants showed severe mosaic symptoms at 15 days post inoculation (dpi), and infection by both viruses was confirmed through RT-PCR using specific primers. This study presents the first report of mixed infection of tomato plants with ToBRFV and CMV in Iran.

Keywords

References

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Applied Research in Plant Protection
Volume 13, Issue 2
July 2024
Pages 147-156

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History

  • Receive Date: 10 September 2023
  • Revise Date: 12 November 2023
  • Accept Date: 13 November 2023

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