Virulence factors of Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of wheat sptoria leaf blotch disease in disease hot spots during the years 2019-2021

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IRAN.

2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Moghan, IRAN.

3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, IRAN.

4 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, IRAN.

Abstract

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease caused by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most devastating wheat diseases in high rainfall areas. Study on virulence factors and genetic dynamics of the pathogen population in disease hot spots is assumed as main actions towards effective and durable genetic resistance in breeding programs for STB resistance, which could be achieved by monitoring virulence on differential wheat genotypes within STB trap nurseries. In order to monitor virulence factors of the fungal pathogen Z. tritici as well as efficacy of Stb genes to pathogen populations, response of 26 international differential wheat genotypes was evaluated under natural infection condition of trap nurseries in STB hot spots of Moghan, Dezful and Gorgan during three consecutive years of 2019-2021 based on 00-99 double digit scale. Furthermore, seedling reaction of differentials to Z. tritici isolates was investigated under greenhouse condition. The results showed that virulence pattern of pathogen populations was differed in all three locations as well as the three years of study. Based on the seedling and adult plant results, the highest virulent Z. tritici population was observed in Moghan and then in Dezful, whereas the pathogen dominated in Gorgan displayed the lowest virulence among the populations. Results of this research showed that various combinations of Stb resistance genes carried by the differential genotypes M3 (Stb16q & Stb17), KM 7 (Stb16 (S23)), Cs synthetic (Stb5), Kavkaz-K4500 (Stb6, Stb7, Stb10 & Stb12), Flame (Stb6), 3HD-138 (Stb18 (S25-winter type)), Oasis (Stb1), TE 9111 (Stb6, Stb7 & Stb11), Veranopolis (Stb2 & Stb6), Tadinia (Stb4 & Stb6) and KM 41 (Stb17 (S24)) could be used for producing wheat cultivars effectively resistant to Z. tritici populations in studied locations within breeding programs.

Keywords

References

References
Arabi MIE, Jawhar M, 2002. Grain yield, kernel weight and Septoria tritici blotch responses of wheat to potassium and nitrogen fertilization. Cereal Research Communications 30: 141–147.
Abrinbana M, Mozafari J, Shams-bakhsh M, Mehrabi R, 2012. Resistance spectra of wheat genotypes and virulence patterns of Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates in Iran. Euphytica 186: 75–90.
Adhikari T.B, Anderson JM, Goodwin SB, 2003. Identification and molecular mapping of a gene in wheat conferring resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology 93: 1158–1164.
Brokenshire T, 1975. Wheat debris as an inoculum source for seedling infection by Septoria tritici. Plant Pathology 24(4): 202–207.
Chartrain L, Brading PA, Makepeace JC, Brown JKM, 2004. Sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch and implications for wheat breeding. Plant Pathology 53: 454–460.
Chungu C, Gilbert J, Townley SF, 2001. Septoria tritici blotch development as affected by temperature, duration of leaf wetness, inoculum concentration, and host. Plant Disease 85: 430–435.
Dalvand M, Soleimani Pari MJ, Zafari D, Roohparvar R, Tabib Ghafari SM, 2016. Study on virulence factors of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch and reactions of some Iranian wheat genotypes to this pathogen in Iran. Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports 3(1): 359–363.
Davari M, Abrinbana M, Asghari Zakaria R, Arzanlou M, 2012. Assesment of wheat cultivars for resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates from Moghan plain at seedling stage under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 43: 379–389 (in Persian).
Duveiller E, Singh RP, Nicol JM, 2007. The challenges of maintaining wheat productivity: pests, diseases, and potential epidemics. Euphytica 157: 417–430.
Eyal Z, 1999. Breeding for disease resistance to Septoria and Stagonospora disease of wheat. pp. 332–344. In: Lucas, J. A., Bowyer, P., and Anderson, H. M. (eds.) Septoria on Cereals: A Study of Pathosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Eyal Z, Amiri Z, Wahl L, 1973. Physiologic specialization of Septoria tritici. Phytopathology 63: 1087–1091.
Eyal Z, Scharen AL, Ginkel M, 1987. The Septoria Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT, Mexico, D. F. Mexico.
Eyal Z, Ziv O, 1974. The relationship between epidemics of septoria leaf blotch and yield looses in spring wheat. Phytopathology 64: 1385–1389.
FAO, 2020. FAOSTAT. Food and agricultural commodities production. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home. FAO, Rome, Italy.
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO, 2018. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017. Building resilience for peace and food security.Rome, FAO. 202 pp.
Fallahi-Motlagh SF, Roohparvar R, Kia S, Zamanizadeh HR, 2015. Evaluation of resistance of some wheat cultivars and lines to Septoria leaf blotch at seedling and adult plant stages. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 31(3) (in Persian).
Fraaije BA, Cools HJ, Kim SH, Motteram J, Clark WS, Lucas JA, 2007. A novel substitution I381 V in the sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of Mycosphaerella graminicola is differentially selected by azole fungicides. Molecular Plant Pathology 8: 245–254.
Juroszek P, Von Tiedemann A, 2013. Climate change and potential future risks through wheat diseases: a review. European Journal of Plant Pathology 136(1): 21–33.
Keller B, Krattinger SG, 2018. A new player in race-specific resistance. Nature Plants 4: 197–198.
Haghdel M, Banihashemi Z, 2005. Survival and host range of Mycosphaerella graminicola the causal agent of Septoria leaf blotch of wheat. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 41(4).
Hosseinnezhad A, Khodarahmi M, Rezaee S, Mehrabi R, Roohparvar R, 2014. Effectiveness determination of wheat genotypes and Stb resistance genes against Iranian Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 47: 2051–2069.
Ghorbi M, Momeni H, Rashidi V, Ahmadzadeh A, Yarnia M, 2022. Resistance of some wheat cultivars to the main race of tan spot disease in Ardabil province. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 11(2):1–6.
Kheirgo M, Panjekeh N, Taliey F, 2020. Identification of new sources of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici blotch in genotypes of spring bread wheat. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection. 9(2): 31–43.
Kia Sh, 2007. Wheat septoria leaf blotch. Management of extension and production systems bulletin. Jihad-Keshavarzi publication, Iran.
Kia S, Rahnima K, Soltanlou H, Babaeizad V, Aghajani MA, 2017. Effectiveness of resistance genes to Septoria tritici blotch (Stb) in differential cultivars of wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici isolates. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 6(3):109–24.
Kia S, Rahnama K, Soltanloo H, Babaeizadeh V, AghaJani M, 2018. Identification of resistance sources to Septoria tritici blotch with causal agent Zymoseptoria tritici in bread wheat genotypes. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal 10(1):49–65.
King JE, Cook RJ, Melville SC, 1983. A review of Septoria diseases of wheat and barley. Annual Applied Biology 103: 345–373.
Leroux P, Albertini C, Gautier A, Gredt M, Walker AS, 2007. Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14 alpha-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Pest Management Science 63: 688–698.
Mazandarani FT, Mehrabi R, Maleki M, 2014. Effectiveness of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) resistance genes to Mycosphaerella graminicola isolates collected from Fars province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 30(3): 669–682 (in Persian).
Mundt CC, Hoffer ME, Ahmed HU, Coakley SM, DiLeone JA, Cowger C, 1999. Population genetics and host resistance. Septoria on Cereals 115–130.
Omrani A, Roohparvar R, 2021. Occurrence of the TTKSK (Ug99) race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in northwest of Iran (Hashtrood region). Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 10(2): 91–3.
Petrak, F, Esfandiari, E, 1941. Contributions to the knowledge of the Iranian fungus flora. Annales Mycologici 39: 204–228.
Ponomarenko A, Goodwin SB, Kema G, 2011. Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat. Plant Health Instr.
Poudel MR, Ghimire S, Pandey MP, Dhakal K, Thapa DB, Poudel HK, 2020. Yield stability analysis of wheat genotypes at irrigated, heat stress and drought condition. Journal of biology and today’s word 9(5): 1–10.
Quaedvlieg W, Kema GHJ, Groenewald JZ, Verkley GJM, Seifbarghi S, Razavi M, Mirzadi Gohari A, Mehrabi R, Crous PW, 2011. Zymoseptoria gen. nov.: a new genus to accommodate Septoria-like species occurring on graminicolous hosts. Persoonia 26: 57–69.
Safavi S, Afshari F, 2021. Evalution of slow rusting resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in some elite wheat lines. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 10(3):15–28.
Saari EE, Prescott JM, 1975. A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat diseases. The Plant Disease Reporter 59: 377–380.
Sanderson FR, Hampton JG, 1978. Role of the perfect states in the epidemiology of the common Septoria diseases of wheat. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 21(2): 277–281.
Simón MR, Cordo CA, Castillo NS, Struik PC, Börner A, 2012. Population structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola and locatio of genes for resistance to the pathogen: recent advances in Argentina. International Journal of Agronomy 2012: 1–7.
Torabi M, 1979. Causal organism of wheat septoriose and its distribution in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 16: 7–16 (in Persian).
Wolf E, 2008. Septoria tritici blotch. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Kensas State plant pathology EP-133. Retrieved 15th May, 2011.
Yechilevich-Auster M, Levi E, Eyal Z, 1983. Assessment of interactions between cultivated and wild wheats and Septoria tritici. Phytopathology 73(7): 1077–1083.
Zhan, J, Pettway RE, McDonald BA, 2003. The global genetic structure of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola is characterized by high nuclear diversity, low mitochondrial diversity, regular recombination, and gene flow. Fungal Genetic and Biology 38: 286–297.
Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection
Volume 12, Issue 3
September 2023
Pages 257-270

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 04 January 2023
  • Accept Date: 06 January 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics