Evaluation of the Efficiency of Parasitoid Wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym., Braconidae), Reared on Aphis fabae Scopoli, Against the Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Associate Professors, Respectively, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Division of Plant Protection Research, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.

4 Assistant Professors, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important pests causes damage to vegetable both in fields and greenhouses. The biological characteristics related to the efficiency of natural enemies are considered as quality control indices for preliminary screening, prior to release of biological control agents. In this study some biological characters including parasitism rate, emergence rate, and sex ratio of a sexual strain of the parasitoid wasp, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), was evaluated for individuals that were reared on different stages of A. gossypii. Furthermore, important factors related to offspring fitness (body length, developmental time, fecundity, and longevity) were surveyed. Results revealed that, L. fabarum could successfullyparasitize all the  nymphal instars of the melon aphid. With the exception of egg size, all other  characteristics were significantly affected by host stage. Wasps emerged from the second and third instars had higher fitness than the other stages. Conseuently, L. fabarum may be considered as an effective biological control agent of the melon aphid, although these results need to be confirmed by further field and greenhouse studies.

Keywords

References

ماهی ح، 1392. امکان سنجی نگهداری زنبور پارازیتوئید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hym., Aphidiidae) در سرما، به منظور استفاده در تولید انبوه. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز.  90 ص.
محمدی ز، راسخ آ، کچیلی ف و حبیب­پور ب، 1394. تاثیر سن پورگی شته سیاه  باقلاAphis fabae (Hem., Aphididae) بر شایستگی جمعیت جنسی زنبور پارازیتویید Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hym., Braconidae)، مجله گیاهپزشکی، جلد 38، شماره 4، صفحه­های 89 تا 102.
Attia AA and El-Hamaky MA, 1987. The biology of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover in Egypt (Hom: aphididae). Bulletin Societe Entomologique Egypte 85: 359-371.
Baghery-Matin Sh, Sahragard A and Rasoolian G, 2005. Some behavioural characteristics of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) parasiting Aphis fabae (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomology 20: 64- 68.
Belshaw R and Quicke DL, 2003. The cytogenetics of thelytoky in a predominantly asexual parasitoid wasp with covert sex. Genome 461: 170-173.
Barahoei H, Madjdzadeh SM and Mehrparvar M, 2011. Morphometric differentiation of five biotypes of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran. Zootaxa 2745: 43–52.  
Bezemer TM, Harvey JA and Mills NJ, 2005. Influence of adult nutrition on the relationship between body size and reproductive parameters in a parasitoid wasp. Ecological Entomology 30: 571 -580.
Blackman RL and Eastop VF, 1984. Aphids on the World's Crops. An identification and information guide. John Wileyand, Chichester, UK.
Calkins CO and Ashley TR, 1989. The impact of poor quality of mass-reared Mediterranean fruit flies on the sterile insect technique used for eradication. Journal of Applied Entomology 108: 401-408.
Carnevale AB, Bueno VH and Sampaio MV, 2003. Parasitism and development of Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Neotropical Entomology 32: 293-297.
Carver M, 1984. The potential host ranges in Australia of some imported aphid parasite (Hom.,
Aphididae). Entomophaga 29: 351-359.
Cloutier C, Levesque CA, Eaves DM and Mackauer M, 1991. Maternal adjustment of sex ratio in response to host size in the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus californicus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1489–1495.
Croft P and Copland MJW, 1995. The effect of host instar on the size and sex ratio of the endoparasitoid Dacnusa sibirica. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 74: 121-124.
Desneux N, Decourtye A and Delpuech M, 2007. The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 52: 81-106.
Godfray HCJ, 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Harvey JA, Harvey IF and Thompson DJ, 2001. Life time reproductive success in the solitary endoparasitoid, Venturia canescens. Journal of Insect Behavior 14: 573-593.
Harvey JA, 2005. Factors affecting the evolution of development strategies in parasitoid wasps: the importance of functional constraints and incorporating complexity. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 117: 1-13.
Harvey JA, Harvey IF and Thompson DJ, 1994. Flexible larval growth allows use of a range of host sizes by a parasitoid wasp. Ecology 75: 1420-1428.
Hays DB and Vinson SB, 1971. Acceptance of Heliothis virescens Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) as a host by the parasite Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Animal Behaviour 19: 344-352.
Jervis MA, Heimpel GE, Ferns PN, Harvey JA and Kidd NAC, 2001. Life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps: a comparative analysis of ‘ovigeny’. Journal of Animal Ecology 70: 442-458.
Kavallieratos NG, Tomanovic Z, Stary P, Athanassiou CG, Sarlis GP, Petrovic O, Niketic, M and Veroniki MA, 2004. A survey of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Southeastern Europe and their aphid-plant associations. Applied Entomology and Zoology 39: 227-263.
Kresting U, Satar S and Uygun N, 1999. Effect of temperature on development rate and fecundity of apterous Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom: Aphididae) reared on Gossypium hirsutum L. Journal of Applied Entomology 123: 23-27.
Leopold RA, 1998. Cold storage of insects for integrated pest management. Pp. 235-267 In: Hallman GJ and Denlinger DL (eds). Temperature Sensitivity in Insects and Application in Integrated Pest Management. Boulder, CO, USA: Westview Press.
Li B and Mills N, 2004. The influence of temperature on size as an indicator of host quality for the development of a solitary koinobiont parasitoid. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 110: 249-256.
Martinez-Castillo M, Leyva JL, Cibrian-Tovar J and Bujanos-Muniz R, 2002. Parasitoid diversity and impact on populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. on Brassica crops in central Mexico. BioControl 47: 23-31.
Mossadegh MS, Stary P and Salehipour H, 2011. Aphid parasitoids in a dry lowland area of Khuzestan, Iran (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 4: 175–181.
Rakhshani E, Talebi AA, Kavallieratos NG, Rezwani A, Manzari S and Tomanović Z, 2005. Parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in Iran. Journal of Pest Science 78: 193–198.
Rasekh A, Kharazi-Pakdel A, Michaud JP, Allahyari H and Rakhshani E. 2011. Report of a thelytokous population of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 30: 83-84.
Rodrigues SM and Bueno VH, 2001. Parasitism rates of Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hym: Aphidiidae) on Schizaphis graminum Rond and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem: Aphididae). Neotropical Entomology 30: 625-629.
Roitberg BD, Boivin G and Vet LEM, 2001. Fitness, parasitoids, and biological control: an opinion. The Canadian Entomologist 133: 429-438.
Rosen D and DeBach P, 1992. Foreign exploration: the key to classical biological control. Florida Entomologist 75: 409-413.
Sagarra L, Vincent C and Stewart R, 2001. Body size as an indicator of parasitoid quality in male and female Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 91: 363-368.
Salt G, 1968. The resistance of insect parasitoids to the defense reactions of their hosts. Biological Reviews 43: 200-232.
Sequeira R and Mackauer MK, 1992. Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi in relation size of its host, Acyrtosiphon pisum. Evolutionary Ecology 6: 34-44.
Stary P, 1983. The perennial stinging nettle (Urtica nettle) as a reservoir of aphid parasitoid
(Aphidiiidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 80: 81-86.
Van Alphen JJM, Bernstein C and Driessen G, 2003. Information acquisition and time allocation in insect parasitoids. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 81 -87.
Van lenteren JC, 2000. Measures of success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies. Pp. 77-103 In:  Gurr G and Wratten S (eds). Measures of Success in Biological Control. Kluwer Academic Publishres.
Van Lenteren JC and Bueno VH, 2003. Augmentative biological control of arthropods in Latin America. BioControl 48: 123-139.
Van Lenteren JC, Hale A, Klapwijk J, Van Schelt, J and Steinberg S, 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. Pp. 265-303 In: Lenteren JC (eds). Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents: Theory and Testing Procedures. Kluwer Academic Publishres.
Van Steenis MJ and EI-Khawass KAMH, 1995. Life history of Aphis gossypii on cucumber: influence of temperature, host plant and parasitism. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 76: 121-131.
Volkl W and Stechmann DH, 1998. Parasitism of the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) by Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hym., Aphidiidae): the influence of host plant and habitat1. Journal of Applied Entomology 122: 201-206. 
Wellings PW, Morton R and Hart PJ, 1986. Primary sex-ratio and differential progeny survivorship in solitary haplodiploid parasitoids. Ecological Entomology 11: 341–348.
Xu Q, Meng L, Li B and Mills N, 2008. Influence of host size variation on the development of a koinobiont aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus ambiguus Haliday (Braconidae, Hymenoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research 98: 389-395.
Zikic V, Stankovic SS, Milosevic MI, Petrovic-Obradovic O, Petrovic A, Stary P and Tomanovic Z, 2015. First detection of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae) in Serbia: an introduced species invading Europe? North-western Journal of Zoology 11: 97-101
Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection
Volume 6, Issue 3
December 2017
Pages 83-95

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 December 2017
  • Accept Date: 23 December 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics