Cold storage of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea eggs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 1Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Cotton Research Institute, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Cold storage is a common technique to prolong the shelf life of the mass-reared natural enemies in insectaries. In this research, one-day and two-day old eggs of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea were stored in refrigerator (5±1°C, and full darkness) for 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days and egg hatching rate, survival and developmental times of larva and pupa as well as longevity and fecundity of adult females were subsequently assessed. Hatching percentage of both one-day and two-day old eggs did not negatively reduce for up to 7 days of cold storage (37.5 and 39.2 hatching percentages, respectively), but a significant reduction was observed in longer storage durations and reached to 0 percent after 30 days. The effect of “age” factor on egg hatching rate was largely dependent on cold storage duration. Therefore, there was no significant difference between hatching rates of one-day old eggs compared with that of two-day old eggs up to 14 days of cold storage, while hatching percentage of two-day old eggs was significantly lower compared with that of one-day old eggs at 21 days cold storage duration. Cold storage of one-day and two-day old eggs had no adverse effect on the larval survival rates up to 14 and 10 days, respectively. But larval developmental time increased significantly even after a short 3-days duration of cold storage.Moreover, cold storage of one-day old eggs for 7 days and two-day old eggs for 3 days significantly reduced female fecundity (37.5 and 66.1 percent, respectively).In conclusion, one-day old eggs can be cold stored for up to 5 days, and cold storing of two-day old eggs is not recommended because of its high subsequent adverse effects on female longevity and fecundity.
 

 

Abstract
Cold storage is a common technique to prolong the shelf life of the mass-reared natural enemies in insectaries. In this research, one-day and two-day old eggs of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea were stored in refrigerator (5±1°C, and full darkness) for 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days and egg hatching rate, survival and developmental times of larva and pupa as well as longevity and fecundity of adult females were subsequently assessed. Hatching percentage of both one-day and two-day old eggs did not negatively reduce for up to 7 days of cold storage (37.5 and 39.2 hatching percentages, respectively), but a significant reduction was observed in longer storage durations and reached to 0 percent after 30 days. The effect of “age” factor on egg hatching rate was largely dependent on cold storage duration. Therefore, there was no significant difference between hatching rates of one-day old eggs compared with that of two-day old eggs up to 14 days of cold storage, while hatching percentage of two-day old eggs was significantly lower compared with that of one-day old eggs at 21 days cold storage duration. Cold storage of one-day and two-day old eggs had no adverse effect on the larval survival rates up to 14 and 10 days, respectively. But larval developmental time increased significantly even after a short 3-days duration of cold storage.Moreover, cold storage of one-day old eggs for 7 days and two-day old eggs for 3 days significantly reduced female fecundity (37.5 and 66.1 percent, respectively).In conclusion, one-day old eggs can be cold stored for up to 5 days, and cold storing of two-day old eggs is not recommended because of its high subsequent adverse effects on female longevity and fecundity.
Keywords:Biological control, Low temperature, Mass rearing, Natural enemy, Shelf life



مقدمه
راسته­ بالتوری­ها (Neuroptera) شامل شش‏هزار گونه و 17 خانواده­ مختلف می‏باشد که از میان آنها خانواده‏‏­ Chrysopidae‏(بالتوری‏های سبز یا شیرشته‏ها)، از نظر کنترل بیولوژیک آفات اهمیت بیشتری دارد (Shojaei 1997; Tauber et al. 2009). در اغلب اکوسیستم­های کشاورزی ایران، گونه‏ Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (بالتوری سبز معمولی)، به عنوان گونه­ غالب گزارش شده است (Heidari 1995; Mirmoayedi 1998; Afshari et al. 2006; Golmohammadi et al. 2012; Modarres Awal 2012; Hassanpour et al. 2014). لاروهای این بالتوری شکارگر هستند و به طیف گسترده‏ای از آفات کشاورزی از جمله شته­ها، شپشک­های گیاهی، تریپس­ها، سفیدبالک­ها، پسیل­ها، کنه­های گیاهی و تخم و لاروهای جوان بالپولکداران حمله می­کنند (Tauber et al. 2009). پراکنش جغرافیایی و دامنه میزبانی گسترده، قدرت جستجوگری و تغذیه‏ بالا و مقاومت نسبی به حشره‏کش‏ها باعث شده­اند تا بالتوری سبز همواره به عنوان یک گزینه­ مطلوب در برنامه­های کنترل بیولوژیک مد نظر باشد (Jooyandeh 1995; Shojaei 1997). پرورش انبوه این شکارگر از حدود 70 سال پیش آغاز شد و امروزه از تخم میزبان­های جایگزینی که به سهولت در انسکتاریوم­ها قابل پرورش هستند، مانند شب‏پره‏‏­ مدیترانه‏ای آرد، Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller)و بید غلات، Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.)، جهت پرورش انبوه آن استفاده می­شود (Jooyandeh 1995; Barri Dizaj et al. 2009, 2012; Lakzaei et al. 2011).
ذخیره­سازی در دمای پایین یک روش مرسوم جهت افزایش ماندگاری دشمنان طبیعی و فراهم ساختن یک ذخیره‏ پایدار از آنها برای استفاده در برنامه‏های کنترل بیولوژیک محسوب می‏شود. این روش اگرچهامکان رهاسازی به موقع و سریع دشمنان طبیعی را در زمان طغیان آفت فراهم می­سازد، اما کاهش احتمالی کیفیت دشمنان طبیعی در طول مدت ذخیره‏سازی یکی از محدودیت مهم آن می‏باشد (Colinet & Boivin 2011).ذخیره‏سازی در سرما ممکن است جنبه‏های مختلف زندگی شکارگر مانند زنده­مانی مراحل مختلف نشوونمایی، طول دوره­ نشوونمای مراحل نابالغ، طول عمر حشرات کامل، زادآوری حشرات ماده و نسبت جنسی را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد (Ricci et al. 2006; Coudron et al. 2007; Ruan et al. 2012; Awad et al. 2013; Yanik & Ünlü, 2015). به همین دلیل، آگاهی از عوامل موثر بر کارایی ذخیره­سازی در سرما و تلاش برای بهینه­سازی آنها همواره مورد توجه محققان بوده

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Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection
Volume 10, Issue 2
June 2021
Pages 11-22

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  • Receive Date: 23 June 2021
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2021

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