Genetic diversity among Sphaerulina frondicola populations, the causal agent of poplar leaf spot disease in East Azarbaijan Province using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University

2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University

3 Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University

Abstract

Abstract
Poplar leaf spot disease, caused by Sphaerulinafrondicola (syn: Septoria populi), is one of the important and serious diseases of populus trees, which cause significant loss on this host. Considering the importance of this disease, in the present study, the genetic diversity of 138 isolates S. frondicola isolates obtained from populus trees different regions of East and West Azerbaijan provinces was analysed using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The results indicated considerable genetic variations amongst the studied populations. The mean genetic diversity for all of the populations using data from all primers was 0.199 at the probability level of 0.001. The lowest genetic differentiation was observed between Horand and Kaleyber populations (0.352) with the highest gene flow (54.956) and the highest genetic differentiation was observed between Khoy and Bostanabad populations (0.516) with the lowest gene flow (0.468) which is consistent with geographical distance.Based on Nei's genetic distance, the Bostanabad population showed the highest genetic distance from the other six populations. Haplotype analysis clustered the isolates from a single tree or even single spot in different groups, suggesting the existence of high genetic diversity in a small scale. Overall, the existence of different haplotypes and distribution of genetic diversity in a small scale observed in this study, suggests occurrence of regular sexual cycle in S. frondicola populations and highlights the role of airborne ascospores as primary inoculum source in disease cycle. 

Keywords

References

References
Arzanlou M, Narmani A, 2016. Genetic diversity in Iranian populations of Togninia minima, one of the causal agents of leaf stripe disease on grapevines. Eurasian Journal of Biosciences 10: 41–50.
Arzanlou M, Zwiers LH, Crous PWT, 2010. Evolutionary dynamics of mating-type loci of Mycosphaerella spp. occurring on banana. Eukaryotic Cell 9: 164–172.
Babai Ahari A, Golmohammadi R, Arzanlou M, 2017. Identification of fungal species associated with leaf spot disease on poplar trees (Populus spp.) in East Azarbaijan province and some parts of west Azarbaijan and Ardabil provinces. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 5 (2): 105–117.
Bakhshi M, Arzanlou M, 2018. Multigene phylogeny and morphotaxonony of Septoria spp. from Iran along with a checklist of septoria-like taxa. Rostaniha 18(2):122–41.
Bakhshi M, Arzanlou M, Zare R, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, 2019. New species of Septoria associated with leaf spot diseases in Iran. Mycologia. 111(6):1056–71.
Baradaran Baghery M, Arzanlou M, Babai-Ahari A, 2015. Identification of the fungal agents associated with Almond trunk diseases in East Azerbeijan Province. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection. 4(1): 13–27.
Baysal Ö, Karaaslan Ç, Siragusa M, Alessandro R, Carimi F, De Pasquale F, da Silva JAT, 2013. Molecular markers reflect differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum forma speciales on tomato and forma on eggplant. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 47: 139–147. 
Baysal Ö, Siragusa M, Gümrükcü E, Zengin S, Carimi F, Sajeva M, Teixeira d Silva JA, 2010. Molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. melongenae virulence by ISSR and RAPD markers on eggplant. Biochemical Genetics 48: 524–537.
Berraies S, Gharbi M S, Belzile F, Yahyaoui A, Hajlaoui M R, Trifi M, Rezgui S, 2013. High genetic diversity of Mycospaherella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici) from a single wheat field in Tunisia as revealed by SSR markers. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(12): 1344–1349.
Callen BE, leal I, Foord B, Dennis JJ, Van Oosten C, 2007. Septpria musiva isolated from cankerd stems in hybrid poplar stools beds, Fraser Vally, British Columbia. Pacific Northwest Fungi 2(7): 1–9.
Casselton LA, 2008. Fungal sex genes-searching for the ancestors. BioEssays 30: 711–714.
Cellerino GP, 1999. Review of fungal diseases in Poplar. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Rome.
Cordo CA, Linde CC, Zhan J,McDonald B, 2006. Genotypic diversity of the wheat leaf blotch pathogen (Septoria tritici) in Buenos Aires Province. Sociedad Argentina Botánica 41: 293–305.
Feau N, Hamelin RC, Vandecasteele C, Stanosz GR,Bernier L, 2005a. Genetic structure of Mycosphaerella populorum (anamorph Septoria musiva) populations in north-central and northeastern North America. Phytopathology 95(6): 608–616.
Feau N, Weiland JE, Stanosz GR, BernierL, 2005b. Specific and sensitive PCR-based detection of Septoria musiva, S. populicola and S. populi, the causes of leaf spot and stem canker on poplars. Mycology Research 109(9):1015–1028.
Golmohammadi R, Babai-Ahari A, Arzanlou M, Khodaei S, 2015. Morphological and molecular identification and pathogenicity of Septoria species involved in leaf spot disease on Populus species in East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 51(3): 357–365.
Kabbage M, Leslie JF, Zeller KA, Hulbert SH, Bockus WW, 2008. Genetic diversity of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the causal agent of Septoria tritici Blotch. Kansas winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences 2(1): 1–8.
Keller SM, McDermott JM, Pettway RE, Wolfe MS, McDonald BA, 1997. Gene flow and sexual reproduction in the wheat glume blotch pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum (anamorph Stagonospora nodorum). Phytopathology 87:353–358.
Kuck U, Poggeler S, 2009. Cryptic sex in fungi. Fungal Biology Reviews 23: 86–90.
Maxwell DL, Kruger EL, Stanosz GR, 1997. Effects of Water Stress on Colonization of Poplar Stems and Excised Leaf Disks by Septoria musiva. The American Phytopathological Society 87(4):381–388.
McDonald BA, Linde C, 2002. Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40(1): 349–379.
Milgroom M, 1996. Recombination and the multilocus structure of fungal populations. Annual Review of Phytopathology 34: 457–477.
Milgroom MG, Lipari SE, 1995. Population differentiation in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica in Eastern North America. Phytopathology 85:155–160.
Narmani A, Arzanlou M, Babai-Ahari A, 2014. Induction of sexual stage and determination of mating types in Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, the causal agent of esca disease of grapevine in East Azarbaijan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 50(3): 281–289.
Narmani A, Arzanlou M, Babai‐Ahari A, 2016. Uneven Distribution of Mating‐Type Alleles Among Togninia minima Isolates, One of the Causal Agents of Leaf Stripe Disease on Grapevines in Northwest Iran. Journal of Phytopathology 164(7-8):441–447.
Ostry ME, 1987. Biology of Septoria and Marsonina brunnea in hybrid Populus plantations and control of Septoria canker in nurseries. European Journal of Plant Pathology 17:158–165.
Possiede YM, Gabardo J, Kava-Cordeiro V, Galli-Terasawa LV, Azevedo JL, Glienke C, 2009. Fungicide resistance and genetic variability in plant pathogenic strains of Guignardia citricarpa. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 40(2): 308–313.
Quaedvlieg W, Verkley GJ, Shin HD, Barreto RW, Alfenas AC, et al., 2013. Sizing up septoria. Studies in Mycology 75: 307–90.
Ramezani Gourabi B, Shirzad F, 2009. The study of drought effects on poplar tree ring growth in the Soome-e-sara Township – Guilan. Physical Geography Research Quarterly 41 (67): 107–117 (in Persian with English abstract).
Sinclair WA, Lyon HH, Johnson WT, 1987. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Sivanesan A, 1990. Mycosphaerella populorum. CMI description of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, no 988. Mycopathologia 109:57–58.
Turgeon BG, 1998. Application of mating type gene technology to problems in fungal biology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 36: 115–137.
Trkulja N, Hristov N, 2012. Morphological and genetic diversity of Cercospora beticola isolates. In International Conference on BioScience: Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Step in the Future, The Fourth Joint UNS-PSU Conference, Book of Proceedings (pp. 18-20).
Verkley GJM, Quaedvlieg W, Shin HD and Crous PW, 2013. A new approach to species delimitation in Septoria. Studies in Mycology 75(1):213–305.
Zhan J, Pettway RE, McDonald BA, 2003. The global genetic structure of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola is characterized by high nuclear diversity, regular recombination, and gene flow. Fungal Genetics and Biology 38:286–297.
Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection
Volume 9, Issue 4
February 2021
Pages 1-15

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 19 January 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics