متیل جاسمونات ومقاومت به بیماری بلایت خوشه ی گندم ایجاد شده به وسیله ی قارچ Fusarium graminearum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی،گروه زیست شناسی،دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یزد.

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشدبیماری شناسی گیاهی،گروه گیاهپزشکی،دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه زابل.

3 کارشناس آزمایشگاه، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یزد.

چکیده

چکیده
در این تحقیق تعاملات بین بیمارگر Fusarium graminearum و گندم  شامل تغییر در میزان فعالیت چند آنزیم آنتی اکسیدانی و تغیر در سطح بیان ژن‏های , PR2 (b,1-3gluconase),  PR3 (chitinase), و PR4 (wheatwin)مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از رقم گندم تجن، آزمایش در شرایط کشت آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار استفاده شد. محلول پاشی اندام هوایی گیاه توسط متیل جاسمونات با غلظت‌های 200، 400 و 600 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر و یک، سه وپنج روز پس از مایه‌زنی با اسپور قارچFusarium graminearum (غلظت 105 اسپور در هر میلی لیتر) انجام گرفت. همچنین اثر بازدارندگی متیل جاسمونات روی رشد پرگنه­ی قارچ در غلظت‎های مختلف بر روی محیط کشت PDA بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان تولید فنلکل و آنزیم‎های پراکسیداز، پلی‏فنل اکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز سه روز بعد از الودگی در غلظت 600 میلی­گرم در میلی­لیتر به بالاترین مقدار خود رسیده ولی  بعد از پنج روز کاهش معنی‎داری نشان داد. بررسی بیان ژن‎ها در بازه­ی زمانی 3 روز بعد از آلودگی نشان داد که ژن بتا 1،3 گلوکوناز و کیتیناز به ترتیب بالاترین و پایین ترین سطح میزان بیان را داشته اند. بررسی اثر بازدارندگی رشد قارچ بوسیله­ی متیل جاسمونات نشان داد که این ماده در غلظت 600 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر بیشترین بازدارندگی را دارا می‏باشد. نتایج بدست آمده بیانگر این است که کاربرد خارجی متیل جاسمونات به عنوان القاگر شیمیایی در ایجاد مقاومت گیاه در برابر بیماری بلایت خوشه­ی  گندم می‏تواند در مدیریت مبارزه با ییماری مورد توجه قرار گیرد. 

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Methyl Jasmonat and Resistance to Head Blight Disease on Wheat Caused by Fusarium Graminearum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seydekazem Sabagh 1
  • Marjan Pykani 2
  • Marziyeh Taheri 3
1 Associate Professor of Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Former MSc Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, University of Zabol, Iran.
3 Laboratory experts, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
In this research, interaction between Fusarium graminearum  and wheat including the change in rate of some anti-oxidant enzyme activity and expression level of PR2 (b,1-3gluconase), PR3 (chitinase) andPR4 (wheatwin) genes was studied. Tajan cultivar was used in greenhouse and experimental condition in a completely randomized blocks design with four repetitions. Spraying of aerial parts of plants by methyl- jasmonat at 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentration was done one, three and five days after inoculation with fungal spore of Fusarium graminearum (105 spore per milliliter).Also, inhibition effect of methyl jasmonat on growth of fungal colony was investigated on PDA culture medium.The results showed that the total phenol production and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase reached to highest level three  days after inoculation at concentration of 600 ppm and reduced significantly 5 days after inoculation. Gene expression analysis at three days after inoculation time interval showed the highest and lowest expression level for b, one-three gluconase and chitnase respectively. Assay of growth inhibition effect by methyjasmonat showed that this material has the highest inhibition activity at concentration of 600 ppm. These results indicate that exogenous application of methyl jasmonat as chemical inducer to induce plant resistance against head scab disease could be considered in plant disease management.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Inducted resistance
  • Pathogenesis related protein
  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Total phenol
  • Real time PCR
Abedi-Tizaki M, Sabbagh S.K, 2012. Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium head blight isolates from wheat in North of Iran. Australian Journal of Crop Science 6: 1356-1364.
Aćimović S, Zeng Q, McGhee G, Sundin G, Wise J, 2015. Control of fire blight Erwinia amylovora. on apple trees with trunk-injected plant resistance inducers and antibiotics and assessment of induction of pathogenesis-related protein genes. Frontiers in Plant Science 6: 16-28-33.
Anderson J, Badruzsaufari E, Schenk P, Manners J, Desmond O, Ehlert C, Ebert P, Kazan K, 2004. Antagonistic interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways modulates defense gene expression and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 16: 3460-3479.
Antico C, Colon C, Banks T, Ramonell K, 2012. Insights into the role of jasmonic acid-mediated defenses against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens. Frontiers in Biology 7: 48-56.
Baxter A, Mittler R, Suzuki N, 2014. ROS as key players in plant stress signalling. Journal of Experimental Botany 65: 1229-1240.
Bernardo A, Bai G, Guo P, Xiao K, Guenzi A, Ayoubi P, 2007. Fusarium graminearum-induced changes in gene expression between Fusarium head blight-resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. Functional & Integrative Genomics 7: 69-77.
Berrocal-Lobo M, Stone S, Yang X, Antico J, Callis J, Ramonell K, Somerville S, 2010. ATL9, a RING zinc finger protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity implicated in chitin-and NADPH oxidase-mediated defense responses. PloS one 5:  e14426.
Bertini L, Leonardi L, Caporale C, Tucci M, Cascone N, Berardino I, 2003. Pathogen-responsive wheat PR4 genes are induced by activators of systemic acquired resistance and wounding. Plant Science 164:  1067-1078.
Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H, 2015. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity PTI.. Molecular Plant Pathology 8:  521-539.
Derksen H, Rampitsch C, Daayf F, 2013. Signaling cross-talk in plant disease resistance. Plant Science 207:  79-87.
Desmond O.J, Edgar C.I, Manners J.M, Maclean D.J, Schenk P.M, Kazan K, 2005. Methyl jasmonate induced gene expression in wheat delays symptom development by the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 67:  171-179.
Ding C.-K, Wang C, Gross K, Smith D, 2002. Jasmonate and salicylate induce the expression of pathogenesis-related-protein genes and increase resistance to chilling injury in tomato fruit. Journal of Planta 214:  895-901.
Gachomo E.W, Shonukan O.O, Kotchoni S.O, 2003. The molecular initiation and subsequent acquisition of disease resistance in plants. African Journal of Biotechnology 2:  26-32.
Gfeller A, Liechti R, Farmer E, 2010. Arabidopsis jasmonate signaling pathway. Science Signal 3:  190-199.
Gill S, Tuteja N, 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48:  909-930.
Golkari S, Gilbert J, Ban T, Procunier J, 2009. QTL-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight in Sumai-3 and two susceptible NILs. Genome 52:  409-418.
Goswami R, Kistler H, 2004. Heading for disaster: Fusarium graminearum on cereal crops. Molecular Plant Pathology 5 : 515-525.
Güldener U, Seong K.-Y, Boddu J, Cho S, Trail F, Xu J.-R, Adam G, Mewes H.-W, Muehlbauer G, Kistler H, 2006. evelopment of a Fusarium graminearum Affymetrix GeneChip for profiling fungal gene expression in vitro and in planta. Fungal Genetics and Biology 43 : 316-325.
Harkamal W, Clyde W, Pascal C, Xuan L, Abdelbaghi I, Timothy J, 2007. Large-scale expression profiling and physiological characterization of jasmonic acid-mediated adaptation of barley to salinity stress. Plant Cell and Environment 30 : 410-421.
Jayaraj J, Muthukrishnan S, Liang G.H, Velazhahan, 2004. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induce accumulation of B- 1,3- glucanase and thumatin-like proteins in wheat and induce resistance againts Stagonospora nudrum. Biologia Plantarum 48 : 425-430.
Li G, Yen Y, 2008. Jasmonate and ethylene signaling pathway may mediate Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Crop Science 48 : 1888-1896.
Mackintosh C, Lewis J, Radmer L, Shin S, Heinen S, Smith L, 2007. verexpression of defense response genes in transgenic wheat enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight. Plant Cell Reports 26: 479-488.
Mirabolfathy M, Karami-Osboo R, 2013. Deoxyivalenol and DON production Fusarium graminearum isolates in wheat and baerly crops in north and northwest area of Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 48: 197-210.
Moosawi-Jorf S.A, Farrokhi-Nejad R, Azimi S, Afarin S, 2007. Study of Fusarium Head Blight of wheat in Khuzestan Province in Iran and reporting of Fusarium Xylaroides as a new causal agents for disease. Journal of Agronomy 6 : 212-220.
Nicholson P, 2009. Fusarium and Fusarium-cereal interactions. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences ELS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester.
Orozco-Cárdenas M.L, Narváez-Vásquez J, Ryan C.A, 2001. Hydrogen peroxide acts as a second messenger for the induction of defense genes in tomato plants in response to wounding, systemin, and methyl jasmonate. The Plant Cell 13 : 179-191.
Ryals J.A, Neuenschwander U.H, Willits M.G, Molina A, Steiner H.-Y, Hunt M.D, 1996. Systemic acquired resistance. The Plant Cell 8 : 1809.
Sabbagh E, Sabbagh S.K, Panjehkeh N, Bolok-Yazdi H.R, 2018. Jasmonic Acid Induced Systemic Resistance in Infected Cucumber by Pythium aphanidermatum. Tarim Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24 : 143-152.
Sabbagh S.K, Paykani M, Esmaeilzadeh S, 2017. Salicylic acid Effect on Head Blight Disease of Wheat. Plant Protection 40 : 16-28.
Schenk P, Kazan K, Manners J, Anderson J, Simpson R, Wilson I, Somerville S, Maclean D, 2003. Systemic gene expression in Arabidopsis during an incompatible interaction with Alternariabrassicicola. Plant Physiology 132 : 999-1010.
Schweizer P, Buchala A, Dudler R, Métraux J, 1998. Induced systemic resistance in wounded rice plants. The Plant Journal 14 : 475-481.
Thomma B.P, Eggermont K, Broekaert W.F, Cammue B.P, 2000. Disease development of several fungi on Arabidopsis can be reduced by treatment with methyl jasmonate. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 38 : 421-427.
Vacheron J, Desbrosses G, Bouffaud M.-L, Touraine B, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Muller D, Legendre L, Wisniewski-Dyé F, Prigent-Combaret C, 2013. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and root system functioning. Frontiers in Plant Science 4.
Van Loon L, 1997. Induced resistance in plants and the role of pathogenesis-related proteins. European Journal of Plant Pathology 103 : 753-765.
Walters D, 2009. Are plants in the field already induced? Implications for pracical disease control. Crop Protection 28 : 459-465.
Wang K, Jin P, Han L, Shang H, Tang S, Rui H, Duan Y, Kong F, Kai X, Zheng Y, 2014. Methyl jasmonate induces resistance against Penicillium citrinum in Chinese bayberry by priming of defense responses. Postharvest Biology and Technology 98 : 90-97.
Wenda-Piesik A, Lemańczyk G, Twarużek M, Błajet-Kosicka A, Kazek M, Grajewski J, 2017. Fusarium head blight incidence and detection of Fusarium toxins in wheat in relation to agronomic factors. European Journal of Plant Pathology 149 : 515-531.
Yao H, Tian S, 2005. Effects of a biocontrol agent and methyl jasmonate on postharvest diseases of peach fruit and the possible mechanisms involved. Journal of Applied Microbiology 98 : 941-950.
Zambounis A, Kalamaki M, Tani E, Paplomatas E, Tsaftaris A, 2012. Expression Analysis of Defense-Related Genes in Cotton Gossypium hirsutum. after Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Infection and Following Chemical Elicitation using a Salicylic Acid Analog and Methyl Jasmonate. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 30 : 225-234.