تاثیر قارچ اندومایکوریز Piriformospora indica و اسید سالیسیلیک بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان در گندم حساس به بیماری سفیدک سطحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.

3 استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.

4 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس.

چکیده

چکیده
استفاده از ترکیبات قارچ­کش علیه بیماری سفیدک سطحی در گندم که توسط Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici  ، ایجاد میگردد، چندان مورد توجه قرار نمی­گیرد. لذا کاربرد روش­های دیگری مانند به کارگیری فعال کننده­های مصنوعی مکانیسم دفاعی که می­توانند مقاومت را به صورت سیستمیک در گیاهان القا نمایند، مطلوب به نظر می­رسد. به­دین منظور گیاهان گندم رقم فلات به عنوان رقم حساس به سفیدک، پس از همزیستی با قارچ اندومیکوریز Piriformospora indica به همراه گیاهان شاهد در معرض عامل بیماری قرار گرفت. از سویی دیگر، گیاهان دو هفته ای گندم فلات در آزمایش جداگانه­ای، 48 ساعت پس از تیمار با اسید سالسیلیک با قارچ عامل بیماری تلقیح گردید. میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های پراکسیداز، کاتالاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در چهار بازه زمانی صفر، 12، 24 و 48 ساعت پس از آلودگی در سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گیاهان تیمار شده با اسید سالسیلیک هم قبل از آلودگی و هم بعد از آلودگی به قارچ عامل بیماری، فعالیت آنزیمی کمتری را نسبت به گیاهان شاهد نشان دادند (به استثنای آنزیم پراکسیداز که فعالیت آن هم قبل و هم بعد از آلودگی گیاه افزایش یافت). گیاهان همزیست شده با قارچ اندومایکوریز نیز به جز بیان بالای آنزیم پراکسیداز، تفاوت معنی­داری را از نظر فعالیت سایر آنزیم­ها با گیاه شاهد نشان ندادند، بنابراین می­توان چنین استنباط نمود که قارچ همزیست در القای مقاومت از طریق مسیر آنزیمی چندان موثر نمی­باشد. احتمالا این قارچ همزیست می تواند از طریق فعال نمودن مسیرهای دیگری مثل فعال­سازی پروتئین­های مرتبط به بیماری­زایی نقش ایفا نماید.  اسید سالسیلیک بوسیله کاهش میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدان و القای مرگ سلولی به مبارزه با این بیمارگر بیوتروف می­پردازد، لذا کاربرد اسید سالسیلیک علیه بیماری سفیدک سطحی توصیه می­گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Piriformospora indica and Salicylic Acid on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Wheat Sensitive to Powdery Mildew Fungus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Lila Ahangar 1
  • Gholam Ali Ranjbar 2
  • Valiallah Babaeizad 2
  • Hamid Najafi 3
  • Abbas Biyabani 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gonbad kavous
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
4 Associated Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gonbad kavous.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Use of fungicides against wheat powdery mildew disease caused by biotrophic Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)), is not taken into consideration. Therefore, employment of artificial activator of defense mechanism that can induce resistance in plants, is very important. For this purpose, Falat cultivar as a susceptible genotype to powdery mildew, was inoculated with B. graminis after colonizing with endomycorrhizal fungus, Piriformospora indica, together with control plants. In another experiment, two weeks old Falat plants were treated with salicylic acid after 48h and then, were inoculated with the pathogen. Then, the pattern of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzymes were compared at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours after infection in three replications. The results of this study showed that the enzyme activity of the Falat treated with SA were less than the control plant before and after the disease (except peroxidase enzyme, which increased before and after infection). In symbiont plants, there was no significant difference in the amount of enzyme activities than control plants, except overexpression of peroxidase enzyme. Therefore, it seems that the symbiotic fungi is hot effect for inducing resistance via enzymatic pathway. Probably these fungi can play an important role through the activation of other pathways such as activation of pathogens related proteins. While, SA can suppress the biotrophic pathogen by reducing the capacity of the antioxidant enzymes and inducting the rapid cell death. Therefore, the application of SA against powdery mildew is recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes
  • Piriformospora indica
  • Salicilic Acid
  • Resistance induction

مراجع

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پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 7، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 25-36

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 مهر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 مهر 1397

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