انتقال باکتری‌های بیمارگر Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli و Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens از بذر به گیاهچه لوبیا و میزان ظهور بیماری در مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر ونهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

عوامل بیماری ­زای بذرزاد در بروز آتی بیماری­ ها و توسعه اپیدمی آن­ها نقش مهمی دارند. در تحقیق حاضر آلودگی نمونه­ های بذری ارقام مختلف لوبیا (از مناطق مختلف کشور در سال­ های 1401 تا 1403) پایش و انتقال دو باکتری بذرزاد Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xpp) و Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) در گیاهان دختری و در مزرعه نسل بعد مورد ارزیابی واقع گردید. پایش ظهور بیماری­ ها در مزرعه، با بررسی چشمی علائم و در مواردی با بهره ­برداری از روش­ های تشخیصی کشت و آزمون PCR اختصاصی انجام شد. بیشترین میزان آلودگی هر دو عامل بیماری (در گیاهان مادری) به ترتیب در ارقام یاقوت و دادفر از استان­ های لرستان و مرکزی ثبت شد. انتقال باکتری­ های Xpp و Cff از بذر به گیاه از طریق بررسی توسعه رورستی و درون­ رستی باکتری­ ها در بافت­ های مختلف گیاه شامل ریشه، برگ، ساقه و بذر با استفاده از بررسی ویژگی­ های ریخت شناختی پرگنه­ ها روی محیط YDC و آزمون PCR اختصاصی با آغازگرهای p7X4c، p7X4c (برای Xpp) و CffFOR2، CffREV4 (برای Cff) اثبات شد. استقرار موفق هر دو باکتری در بافت آوندی باعث توسعه سیستمیک آلودگی در گیاه شد. بررسی میزان انتقال بیماری در شرایط طبیعی مزرعه نشان داد علی رغم انتقال کامل بیماری در شرایط کنترل شده گلخانه، میزان انتقال در مزرعه تنها در کمتر از 50 درصد بذرهای آلوده رخ داد. این کاهش نرخ انتقال می­ تواند به عوامل متعددی از جمله شرایط آب و هوایی، جمعیت باکتری در بذر و مقاومت گیاه بستگی داشته باشد که نیازمند مطالعات بیشتر است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Transmission of plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens from bean seed to seedling and the disease incidence in the field

نویسندگان [English]

  • Cobra Moslemkhani
  • saman sheidaee
  • bita Oskouei
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Seed-borne diseases have important effects on diseases epidemic and emergencing of new diseases. In the present study, the contamination of seed samples from different bean cultivars harvested from different regions of the Iran during 2022 to 2024, were monitored and the transmission of two seed-borne bacteria Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xpp) and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) in daughter plants and also in the next generation field were assessed. Disease surveys were done in different growth stages via visual field inspection. The pathogenes were detected in some of seed samples using culture method and specific PCR. The highest rate of infection with both disease agents was recorded in Yaghout and Dadfar cultivars from Lorestan and Markazi provinces, respectively. Investigation of the pathogen transmission from seed to plant under controlled greenhouse conditions by using specific PCR with primers p7X4c, p7X4c (for Xpp) and CffFOR2, CffREV4 (for Cff), showed the epiphytic and endophytic development of Xpp and Cff in different tissues of the plant including root, leaf, stem and seed. Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Cff had successful establishment in the vascular tissue of host plant and cause developed systemic infection. Study of the disease transmission rate in the natural conditions in the field showed, only less than 50% of infected seeds produced infected plants. Despite the complete transmission of the disease in the controlled conditions in the greenhouse, the transmission rate in the field may be depends on several factors including weather conditions, bacterial population in the seed and plant resistance which needs more studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disease
  • Legumes
  • Seed-borne and transmission
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