تجزیه بیومتریک صفات مرتبط با عملکرد در واکنش به بیماری زنگ سیاه (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) در ژنوتیپ‌های گندم زمستانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

4 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر بیماری زنگ سیاه (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) بر روی صفات عملکردی و اجزاء آن و شناسایی منابع ژنتیکی مقاوم به این بیماری، 24 ژنوتیپ گندم در سال زراعی 1400-1399 در مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی استان آذربایجان شرقی تحت شرایط آلودگی و عدم آلودگی به نژاد بومی زنگ سیاه به نام  TKTTFو در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای مایه­زنی از پودر تالک استفاده شد و پس از محلول­پاشی آب مقطر و روغن سالترول بر روی گیاهان مایه­زنی با استفاده از گردپاش مکانیکی صورت گرفت. براساس نتایج آزمایش تفاوت معنی­داری بین ژنوتیپ­ها از نظر ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، قطر سنبله، وزن سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، زیست توده و شاخص برداشت در سطح احتمال یک درصد مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که آلودگی به پاتوژن باعث کاهش قطر ساقه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، زیست توده و شاخص برداشت می ­گردد. بر­اساس تمامی­ صفات مورد مطالعه، ارقام زارع و حیران و لاین­ های C-98-14، C-98-13، C-98-12 و CD-94-5 به ­عنوان ژنوتیپ­ های مقاوم شناسایی شدند. براساس تجزیه خوش ه­ای و تجزیه تابع تشخیص، کلیه ژنوتیپ­­ ها در شرایط آلودگی و عدم آلودگی به چهار گروه و در متوسط شرایط آلودگی به سه گروه طبقه­ بندی شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد آلودگی به زنگ سیاه عملکرد و اجزای آن را تحت تاثیر قرار می ­دهد و می­ توان از تنوع­ بین ژنوتیپ­ ها برای اصلاح ژنوتیپ­ های گندم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biometric analysis of yield-related traits in response to black rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in wheat genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Vahed Rezaei 1
  • Ali Asghari 1
  • Majid Norouzi 2
  • Saied Aharizad 2
  • Ramin Roohparvar 3
  • Ashkboos Amini 4
1 Deportment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Deportment of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To investigate the effect of black rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on wheat yield and its components and to identify genetic resources resistant to this disease, 24 wheat genotypes were evaluated in 2020-2021 at the East Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources. The evaluation was conducted under both infected and non-infected conditions with the native race TKTTF of the black rust, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Talcum powder was used for inoculation, and after sprinkling distilled water and saltrol oil on the plants, inoculation was done using a mechanical sprinkler. The test results indicated a significant difference between the genotypes in terms of plant height, spike length, spike diameter, spike weight, number of seeds per spike, hundred seed weight, seed yield, biomass and harvest index was observed at the probability level of 1%. Additionally, the results demonstrate that pathogen infection causes a decrease in stem diameter, number of seeds per spike, hundred seed weight, seed yield, biomass and harvest index. Based on the studied traits, the Zareh and Heyran cultivars, as well as the C-98-14, C-98-13, C-98-12 and CD-94-5 lines, were identified as resistant genotypes. The genotypes were classified into four groups under infection and non-infection conditions and into three groups under medium infection conditions, based on cluster analysis and detection function analysis. The research results indicate that black rust infection has a negative impact on both the yield and its components. Additionally, the diversity between genotypes can be utilized to enhance wheat genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Discriminate analysis
  • Diversity
  • Grouping
  • Resistance
  • Stem Rust

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پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 13، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 303-317

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 اسفند 1402

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