اثر بازدارندگی از رشد پنج اسانس‎ گیاهی و دو گونه‌ قارچ آنتاگونیست Trichoderma روی برخی از گونه‌های بیماریزای گیاهی جنس Fusarium

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر، توانایی بازدارندگی از رشد میسلیومی پنج اسانس گیاهی آویشن ‏شیرازی، پونه کوهی، ترخون و دو گونه اسطوخودوس بر علیه جدایه‌های شش گونه مهم بیماریزای Fusarium شاملFusarium graminearum UM29 ، F. graminearum UM89، F. verticillioides، F. brasilicum، F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis و F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici و دو قارچ آنتاگونیست Trichoderma harzianum و T. viride، در پنج غلظت (75، 150، 300، 600 و 1000 میکرولیتر بر لیتر) به روش اختلاط با محیط کشت PDA مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اجزای شیمیایی اسانس­ ها با استفاده از دستگاه GC-MS مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین تأثیر بازدارندگی از رشد گونه‌های Trichoderma harzianum T447 و T. viride T125 به دو روش کشت متقابل و اثر ترکیبات فرّار آنها بررسی شد. نتایج آنالیز GC-MS نشان داد که تیمول و کارواکرول، ترکیبات اصلی اسانس آویشن شیرازی و نپتالاکتون و 1،8-سینئول ترکیبات اصلی پونه کوهی محسوب می‏ شوند. اسانس آویشن شیرازی در غلظت 300 میکرولیتر بر لیتر، رشد میسلیومی اغلب گونه­ هایFusarium  مورد بررسی را به طور کامل مهار نمود. نتیجه آزمایشات کشت متقابل تیمار‌ها نشان داد بیشـترین درصد بازدارندگی در تعامل بین جدایه T. viride و قارچ بیمـاری‏زای F. brasilicum با میانگین 78/64 درصد و کمترین مقدار آن در تعامل بین جدایه T. harzianum  و قارچ‌ بیماریزای F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici  با میـانگین 52/36 درصد می­ باشد. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق حاضر، اسانس آویشن شیرازی و T. harzianum T447 و T. viride T125 پتانسیل بالایی در بازداری از رشد میسلیومی قارچ­ های مورد بررسی از جنس Fusarium داشتند. ارزیابی­ های گلخانه­ای و مزرعه ­ای  جهت بررسی کارایی آنها در کنترل این بیماگرها ضروری می­ باشد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Mycelial inhibitory effects of five essential oils and two antagonistic Trichoderma species against some plant pathogenic Fusarium species

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Enayati 1
  • mahdi davari 1
  • Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh 2
  • Asgar Ebadollahi 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, inhibitory effects of five plant essential oils (EOs), including Zataria multiflora, Nepeta sp., Lavandula stoechas, L. officinalis and Artemisia dracunculus, on Fusarium graminearum UM29, F. graminearum UM89, F. verticillioides, F. brasilicum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and two antagonistic fungi Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride at five concentrations (75, 150, 300, 600 and 1000 μl/l) by mixing with PDA medium was studied. The chemical composition of EOs was explored by GC-MS. Also, the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma (T. harzianum T447 and T. viride T125) was investigated by dual culture assay and the effect of volatile compounds methods. Based on GC-MS results, thymol and carvacrol were identified as main constituents of Z. multiflora EO, and Nepetalactone and 1,8-cineole were the major components of Nepeta sp. EO. Zataria multiflora EO at concentration of 300 μl/l completely inhibited mycelial growth of the majority of Fusarium species evaluated in this study. The results of dual culture assay revaled the highest percentage of inhibition in the interaction between T. viride and F. brasilicum with a mean of 64.78% and the lowest in the interaction between T. harzianum and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with a mean of 36.52%. According to our results, Z. multiflora EO and T. harzianum T447 and T. viride T125had high mycelial growth inhibitory potential against Fusarium spp. Greenhouse and field assays are necessary to further evualte their efficacy in control of these plant pathogens.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oils
  • Fusarium graminearum
  • Trichoderma spp
  • Zataria multiflora
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