تأثیر میزان رطوبت، بستر کشت و مکمل‌های غذایی روی کنیدی‌زایی و زهرآگینی قارچ Beauveria bassiana علیه سفیدبالک گلخانه Trialeurodes vaporariorum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
ارزیابی تاثیر بستر­های کشت ارزان قیمت روی میزان کنیدی­ زایی و بیمارگری قارچ بیمارگر حشرات، برای تولید انبوه با صرفه اقتصادی الزامی است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر میزان رطوبت، نوع بستر کشت و مکمل­ های غذایی روی کنیدی زایی و زهرآگینی قارچ Beauveria bassiana علیه آفت سفیدبالک گلخانه بود. در ابتدا نیاز آبی جدایه A1-1 از قارچ B. bassiana برای تولید انبوه روی سبوس گندم، سبوس برنج، سبوس ذرت، شلتوک برنج، جو پرک و بقایای جو مصرف شده در انسکتاریوم در نسبت­های  5/1:0، 1:1 و 5/1:1 (آب مقطر: بستر کشت) بررسی شد. سپس تاثیر مکمل­ های غذایی آب پنیر و ملاس چغندرقند روی میزان کنیدیزایی این قارچ ارزیابی گردید. همچنین زهرآگینی کنیدیوم ­های برداشت شده از بسترهای مختلف روی پوره­های سفید­بالک گلخانه در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه­ بررسی شد. سبوس گندم و سبوس برنج با نسبت آبی 5/1:0 (آب مقطر: بستر کشت) با میانگین تولید کنیدیوم به ترتیب 1010 × 3/5 و 1010 × 1/5 کنیدیوم در هر گرم از بستر کشت، بیشترین میزان تولید کنیدیوم را داشتند. در آزمایش تاثیر مکمل‌های غذایی، به‌غیر از بستر جو­پرک، افزودن آب پنیر موجب افزایش میزان تولید کنیدیوم در بسترهای مختلف گردید. در زیست سنجی آزمایشگاهی، کلیه تیمارها بین 80 تا 87 درصد تلفات نشان دادند اما در زیست­ سنجی گلخانه ­ای، کنیدیوم تولید شده روی سبوس برنج، سبوس ذرت و سبوس گندم به ترتیب با 87/1 ± 56، 54/2 ± 52 و 91/2 ± 49 درصد مرگ و میر بالاترین میزان تلفات را ایجاد کردند. براساس نتایج این پژوهش سبوس برنج، سبوس ذرت و سبوس گندم به‌عنوان بسترهای مناسب برای این جدایه قارچی معرفی می‌شوند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of moisture content, substrate and nutritional supplements on condition and virulence of Beauveria bassiana against greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeedeh Javar
  • Shahram Farrokhi
  • Shahram Naeimi
  • Maryam Kalantari Jooshani
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
For cost-effective mass production of entomopathogenic fungi, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of a low-cost culture media on condition and virulence of entemopathogenic fungi. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of moisture content, substrate and nutritional supplements on condition and virulence of Beauveria bassiana against greenhouse whitefly. The water requirement of B. bassiana A1-1 for mass production on wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran, rice husk, rolled oat, and the used barley residues in insectariums, was initially evaluated at the ratio of 0.5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1 (distilled water: culture medium). Then, the effect of whey and molasses on the condition of this fungus was evaluated. The virulence of conidia harvested from wheat bran, rice bran, corn bran and barley substrates was also investigated on greenhouse whitefly nymphs in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Wheat bran and rice bran in water ratio of 0.5:1 (distilled water: culture medium) showed the highest yield with an average of 5.3 × 1010 and 5.1 × 1010 conidia per gram of substrate, respectively. In the test of the effect of nutritional supplements, except to barley substrate, the addition of whey increased the condition in other substrates. In laboratory bioassay, all treatments showed between 80 and 87% mortality, but in the greenhouse bioassays, the produced conidia on rice bran, corn bran and wheat bran caused 56 ± 1.87, 52 ± 2.54 and 49 ± 2.91% mortality, respectively. According to results, rice bran, corn bran and wheat bran are introduced as suitable substrates for mass production of the studied fungal isolate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Biological control
  • Bioassay
  • Biopesticide
  • Mass production
  • Solid substrate

مراجع

References
 
Abraham T, Easwaramoorthy S, Santhalakshmi G, 2003. Mass production of Beauveria bassiana isolated from sugarcane root borer, Emmalocera depresella Swinhoe. Sugar Technology 5 (4): 225–229.
Asgari H, Zamani SM., Ashouri A, 2009. Effect of some liquid and solid media on sporulation of Beauveria bassiana. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 39 (1): 31–43 (In Persian with English abstract).
Bena-Molaei P, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Askary H, Kharazi-Pakdel A, 2011. Study on potential of some solid natural substances in production of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota, Cordycipitaceae) conidia. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 30 (2): 1–15 (In Persian with English abstract).
Bigham Z, Talaei-Hassanloui R, 2017. Production of two entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on natural substrates using diphasic production method. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Deseases 6 (1): 103–109 (In Persian with English abstract).
Durand A, Pichon P, Desgranges C, 1988. Approaches to KLa measurements in solid state fermentation. Biotechnology Techniques 2: 11–16.
El Damir M, 2006. Effect of growing media and water volume on conidial production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Journal of Biological Sciences 6 (2): 269–274.
Feng MG, Poprawski YJ, Khachatourians GG, 1994. Production, formulation and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for insect control: Current status. Biocontrol Science and Technology 4: 3–34.
Fransen, JJ, 1990. Natural Enemies of Whiteflies, Fungi. In: Gerling, D. (Eds.), Whiteflies: Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management Intercept. Andover, UK, Pp. 187–210.
Hallsworth JE, Magan N, 1999. Water and temperature relations of growth of the entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Paecilomyces farinosus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 74 (3): 261–266.
Hamdi F, Jacques Fargues, Gilles Ridray, Benoît Jeannequin, Olivier Bonato, 2011. Compatibility among entomopathogenic hyphocreales and two beneficial insects used to control Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae) in Mediterranean greenhouses. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 108: 22–29.
Jackson MA, 1997. Optimizing nutritional conditions for the liquid culture production of effective fungal biological control agents. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 19: 180–187.
Jackson MA, Dunlap CA, Jaronski ST, 2010. Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol. BioControl 55:129–145. doi:10.1007/s10526-009-9240-y
Javar S, Farrokhi Sh, Asgari B, Parsi F, 2019. Investigating on the potential of local isolates of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents against greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. BioControl in Plant Protection 7 (1): 127–142 (In Persian with English abstract).
Jenkins NE, Heviefo G, Langewald J, Cherry AJ, Lomer CJ, 1998. Development of mass production technology for aerial conidia for use as mycopesticides. Biocontrol News and Information 19 (1): 21N–31N.
Jenkins NE, Goettel MS, 1997. Methods for mass production of microbial control agents of grasshoppers and locusts. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 171: 37–48.
Kamyab A, 2001. A user guide to the animal nutrition. Hagh-Shenas Publication. 218 pp. (In Persian).
Kassa A, Brownbridge M, Parker BL, Skinner M, Gouli V, et al., 2008. Whey for mass production of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Mycological Research 112 (5): 583–591.
Khoshayand MR, Mokhtarnejad L, Etebarian HR, Farzaneh M, Sheikhpour P, 2014. Screening and optimization of industrial medium for mass production of Candida membranifaciens, biocontrol agent of blue mold and gray mold diseases of apple. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2 (2): 1–87.
Lopez-Perez M, Rodriguez-Gomez D, Loera O, 2015. Production of conidia of Beauveria bassiana in solid-state culture: current status and future perspectives. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 35 (3): 334–341.
Mascarin GM, Jaronski ST, 2016. The production and uses of Beauveria bassiana as a microbial insecticide. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 32: 177. 2131–3.
Nuñez-Gaona O, Saucedo-Castañed G, Alatorre-Rosas R, Loera O, 2010. Effect of moisture content and inoculum on the growth and conidia production by Beauveria bassiana on wheat bran. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53 (4): 771–777.
Oreste M, Bubici G, Poliseno M, Tarasco E, 2016. Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the Trialeurodes vaporariorum-Encarsia formosa system. Journal of Pest Science 89 (1):153–160.
Pandey A, 2003. Solid-state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal 13: 81–84. Posada-Florez FJ, 2008. Production of Beauveria bassiana fungal spores on rice to control the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, in Colombia. Journal of Insect Science 26: 1–13.
Ravensberg WJ, 2011. A Roadmap to the Successful Development and Commercialization of Microbial Pest Control Products for Control of Arthropods, Progress in Biological Control, Springer Netherlands. 386 pp.
Smith RJ, Grula EA, 1981. Nutritional requirmens for conidial germination and hyphal growth of Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 37: 222–230.
Subasinghe MRVN, Amarasinghe KGAPK, Dharmadasa M, 2013. Possibility of use of agricultural byproducts for mass production of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to control coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampi (Ferrari)). Journal of Food and Agriculture 6 (1-2): 24–31.
Suh EY, Son KH, Shin DH, Kim KD, Jang C, et al., 2002. Cultivation optimization of insect-pathogenic fungi Paecilomyces lilacinus HY-4 to Soil-pest Adoretus tenuimaculatus. Entomological Research 32 (3): 133–139.
Tarocco F, Lecuona RE, Couto AS, Arcas JA, 2005. Optimization of erythritol and glycerol accumulation in conidia of Beauveria bassiana by solid-state fermentation, using response surface methodology. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 68: 481–8.
Ye SD, Ying SH, Chen C, Feng MG, 2006. New solid-state fermentation chamber for bulk production of aerial conidia of fungal biocontrol agents on rice. Biotechnology Letters 28: 799–804.
پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 11، شماره 2
خرداد 1401
صفحه 57-66

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 03 آبان 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار