ارزیابی مقاومت برخی ارقام گندم به‌نژاد غالب قارچ عامل بیماری لکه‌خرمایی در استان اردبیل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز. ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات بیماری های گیاهی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شبستر. ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
در این بررسی 96 جدایه قارچ Pyrenophora tritici-repentis از استان اردبیل جمع‌آوری و شناسایی شد. از این تعداد 30 جدایه با توجه به نتایج داده‌های مولکولی و نیز در نظر گرفتن منطقه جغرافیایی، برای بررسی‌های تعیین نژاد در گلخانه انتخاب گردید. تنوع ژنتیکی بین سه جمعیت قارچ شامل پارس‌آباد، گرمی‌ و بیله‌سوار استان اردبیل مشاهده شد. طی بررسی تنوع ژنی میزان جریان ژنی (Nm) برابر با 6890/1 و میزان Gst برابر با 2284/0 محاسبه گردید. میزان تنوع ژنتیکی برای کل جمعیت (Ht) برابر با 2993/0 بود. ضمنا PhiPT برابر با (010/0= < p) 259/0 برآورد گردید. طبق نتایج آنالیز واریانس مولکولی 74% از واریانس ژنتیکی به درون جمعیت‌ها و فقط 26% واریانس کل به بین جمعیت‌ها مربوط بود. نژاد یک به عنوان نژاد غالب بیماریزا در استان اردبیل برای ارزیابی مقاومت 40 رقم رایج گندم در گلخانه استفاده شد. استقرار آلودگی روی گیاهچه‌های گندم در گلخانه از طریق مایه‌زنی سوسپانسیون کنیدی قارچ و نیز تزریق عصاره فیلترشده انجام گرفت. میانگین شاخص بیماری در ارقام مختلف محاسبه و مقایسه گردید. نتایج واکنش ارقام نشان داد 90% ارقام رایج گندم نسبت به عامل بیماری در گروه حساس قرار دارند. چهار رقم مروارید، مغان 3، احسان و دریا نیز که جمعا 10درصد ارقام مورد بررسی را شامل می‌شدند در گروه مقاوم قرار گرفتند. استفاده از این ارقام مقاوم برای مناطق مستعد شیوع بیماری توصیه می‌گردد. همچنین منابع مقاومت به‌دست آمده از این پژوهش، می توانند در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی نیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Resistance of some wheat cultivars to the main race of tan spot disease in Ardabil province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojgan Ghorbi 1
  • Hassan Momeni 2
  • Varahram Rashidi 1
  • Alireza Ahmadzadeh 3
  • Mehrdad Yarnia 1
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Disease Research Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
 In this study, ninety- six isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis from Ardabil province were collected and identified. According to the results of molecular data and considering the geographical area, thirty isolates were selected for race identification studies in greenhouse. Genetic diversity was detected between three fungal populations including Parsabad, Germi and Bilesavar in Ardabil province. During the study of gene diversity, the amount of gene flow (Nm) was equal to 1.6890 and the amount of Gst was equal to 0.2284. The rate of genetic diversity for the whole population (Ht) was 0.2993. PhiPT was estimated to be 0.259 (p> = 0.010). According to the results of AMOVA, 74% of total variance was attributed to within populations while only 26% of that was related to between populations. Race1 of the pathogen as the main race was used in Ardabil province to evaluate the resistance of forty wheat cultivars in greenhouses. Inoculation was carried out using fungal conidial suspensions and fungal culture filtrates. The Mean Disease Index in different cultivars was calculated and compared. The results of cultivars' reaction showed that 90% of studied wheat cultivars are in the susceptible group to the pathogen. Four cultivars of Morvarid, Moghan 3, Ehsan and Darya, which together comprise 10% of the studied cultivars, were included in the resistant group. The use of these resistant cultivars is recommended for areas with a high possibility of disease outbreaks. In addition, breeders can use the sources of resistance for future breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Genetic diversity
  • Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
  • Race
  • Resistance
  • Variety

مراجع

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پژوهش های کاربردی در گیاهپزشکی
دوره 11، شماره 2
خرداد 1401
صفحه 1-16

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 مهر 1400

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