References
Anonymous, 2019. Statistics reports of ministry of Jahad-Agriculture.
https://www.maj.ir. [Accessed on 3 April 2021].
Adkar-Purushothama CR, Kanchepalli PR, Yanjarappa SM, Zhang Z Sano T, 2014. Detection, distribution, and genetic diversity of Australian grapevine viroid in grapevines in India. Virus Genes 49(2): 304–311.
Ataeian 2019.
Bagherian SAA, Amid-Motlagh MH, Izadpanah K, 2009. A new sensitive method for detection of Viroids. Iranian Journal of Virology 3: 7–11.
Cepin U, Gutiérrez-Aguirre I, Balazic L, Pompe-Novak M, Gruden K, et al. 2010. A one-step reverse transcription real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of Grapevine fanleaf virus. Journal of Virological Methods 170: 47–56.
Digiaro M, Elbeaino T, Martelli GP, 2007. Development of degenerate and species–specific primers for the differential and stimultaneous RT-PCR detection of grapevine–infecting nepoviruses of subgroups A, B and C. Journal of Virological Methods 141: 34–40.
Elleuch A, Fakhfakh H, Pelchat M, Landry P, Marrakchi M, et al., 2002. Sequencing of Australian grapevine viroid and Yellow speckle viroid isolated from a Tunisian grapevine without passage in an indicator plant. European Journal of Plant Pathology 108: 815-820.
Flores R, Hernadez C, Martinez de Alba AE, Daros JA, Di Serio F, 2005. Viroids and viroid-host interactions. Annual Review of Phytopathology 43: 117–139.
Gambino G, Navarro B, Torchetti E, La Note P, Di Serio F, 2014. Survey on viroids infecting grapevine in Italy: identification and characterization of Australian grapevine viroid and Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2. European Journal of Plant Pathology 140:199–205.
Hajizadeh M, Navarro B, Bashir NS, Torchetti EM, Di Serio F, 2012. Development and validation of a multiplex RT-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of five grapevine viroids. Virological Methods 179: 62–69.
Jiang D, Guo R, Wu Z, Wang H, Li S, 2009. Molecular characterization of a member of a new species of grapevine viroid. Archives of Virology 154: 1563–1566.
Jafarpour B, Sabokkhiz MA, 2007. Viroids (the smallest causal agent plants). Ferdowsi Mashhad University, 306 pp. (In Persian).
Kappagantu M, Nelson ME, Bullock JM, Kenny ST, Eastwell KC, 2017. Hop Stunt Viroid: Effects on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Hop Cultivars, and Its Distribution in Central Washington State. Plant Disease 101: 607–612.
Koltunow AM, Rezaian A, 1988. A scheme for viroid classification. Intervirology 30:194–201.
Koltunow AM, Krake LR, Johnson SD, Rezaian MA, 1989. Two related viroids cause grapevine yellow speckle disease independently. Journal of General Virology 70: 3411–3419.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K, 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular biology and Evolution 33: 1870–1874.
Moradi R, Koolivand D, Eini O, Hajizadeh, M, 2018. Molecular identification of four important nepovirus from vineyards of Zanjan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science. 49: 110–119.
Osman F, Hodzic E, Omanska-Klusek A, Olineka T, Rowhani A, 2013. Development and validation of a multiplex quantitative PCR assay for the rapid detection of Grapevine virus A, B and D. Virological Methods 194:138–145.
Rezaian MA, 1990. Australian greapevine viroid – evidence for extensive recombination between viroids. Nucleic Acids Research 18: 1813–1818.
Rezaian MA, Koltunow AM, Krake LR, 1988. Isolation of three viroids and a circular RNA from grapevines. Journal of General Virology 69: 413–422.
Rowhani A, Chay C, Golino DA, Falk BW, 1993. Development of a polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of Grapevine fanleaf virus in grapevine Tissue. Plant Pathology 83: 749–753.
Shikata E, Sano T, Uyeda I, 1984. An infectious low molecular weight RNA was detected in grapevines by molecular hybridisation with hop stunt viroid cDNA. Proceedings of Japan Academy Series B 60:202.
Szychowski JA, McHenry MV, Walker MA, Walpert JA, Credi R, et al., 1995. The vein-banding disease syndrome: a synergistic reaction between grapevine viroids and fanleaf virus. Vitis 34: 229–232.
Terral JF, Tabard E, Bouby L, Ivorra S, Pastor T, et al. 2010. Evolution and history of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) under domestication: new morphometric perspectives to understand seed domestication syndrome and reveal origins of ancient European cultivars. Annals of Botany 105: 443–455.
Taylor RH, Woodham RC, 1972. Grapevine yellow speckle—a newly recognized graft-transmissible disease of Vitis. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23:447–452.
Vozarova Z, Sihelska N, Predajna L, Soltys K, Glasa M, 2016. First report of grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1 infecting grapevines in Slovakia. Journal of Plant Pathology 98: 677–697.
Wan Chow Wah J, Symons R, 1997. A highly sensitive RT-PCR assay for the diagnosis of grapevine viroids in field and tissue culture samples. Journal of Virological Methods 63: 57–69.
Wilcox WF, Gubler WD, Uyemoto JK, 2015. Compendium of Grape Diseases, Disorders, and Pests. APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society. 232 pp.
Zaki-Aghl M, Izadpanah K, Niazi, A, Behjatnia SAA, Afsharifar AR, 2013. Molecular and biological characterization of the Iranian isolate of the Australian grapevine viroid. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 15: 855–865.