تاثیر تلفیق اسپیروتترامات با ترکیبات زیستی و غیرزیستی روی برخی ترکیبات ثانویه برگ پسته و جمعیت پسیل پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
پسیل معمولی پسته، یکی از مهم­ترین آفات باغات پسته در ایران می ‏باشد. در این تحقیق، تاثیر آفتکش اسپیروتترامات (SP)، اسید سالیسیلیک (SA)، عصاره ­های متانولی و ان هگزانی پوست گردو (به ترتیب MW و NW)، عصاره­ های متانولی و ان- هگزانی دانه شوید (به ترتیب MD و ND) و کاربرد تلفیقی اسپیروتترامات با این ترکیبات (SP + SA ، SP  + MW، SP + NW، SP + MD و SP + ND) روی جمعیت پسیل پسته در طی دو سال بررسی شد. آب مقطر نیز به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. همچنین مقدار ترکیبات ثانویه )فنل و فلاونوئید (در برگ ‏های پسته تحت تیمارهای مختلف تعیین شد. در سال اول، بیش­ترین درصد کاهش جمعیت پسیل پسته در تیمار تلفیقی اسپیروتترامات و عصاره متانولی دانه شوید (SP + MD) با میانگین 21/3 ± 26/91- درصد و در سال دوم در تیمارهای عصاره متانولی دانه شوید (MD) با میانگین 43/8 ± 70/ 36 - درصد و تیمار تلفیقی SP + MD با میانگین 9/17 ± 17/35- درصد محاسبه شد. ضمن اینکه در هر دو سال، کاربرد تلفیقی عصاره ان هگزانی پوست سبز گردو با اسپیروتترامات (SP + NW) موجب کاهش معنی‌دار جمعیت پسیل پسته در مقایسه با کاربرد اسپیروتترامات به تنهایی شد. مقدار ترکیبات فنل و فلاونوئید کل نیز در برگ درختان پسته تیمار شده با ترکیبات مورد مطالعه، اختلاف معنی ­داری  نشان دادند. بالاترین سطح فنل کل (94/1 ± 48/75) در تیمار اسپیروتترامات + عصاره متانولی دانه شوید (SP + MD) به­ دست آمد که اختلاف معناداری با اسپیروتترامات، عصاره متانولی دانه شوید و اسپیروتترامات + عصاره ان- هگزانی دانه شوید نشان داد. در هر دو سال عصاره متانولی دانه شوید در تلفیق با اسپیروتترامات (SP + MD) بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل جمعیت پوره­ های پسیل پسته داشت و بنابراین می­ تواند در برنامه­ های مدیریت تلقیقی این آفت مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Combination effect of spirotetramate and biological and non-biological compounds on some chemical attributes of pistachio leaves and Agonoscena pistacia population

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Karamoozian
  • Maryam Pahlavan Yali
  • Kamal Ahmadi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Common pistachio psyllid, is one of the most important pests of pistachio in Iran. In this study, the effect of spirotetramate (SP), salicylic acid (SA), methanolic and n-hexane extracts of walnut husk (MW & NW, respectively), methanolic and n-hexane extracts of dill seed (MD & ND, respectively) and the combined application of spirotetramate with these compounds (SP + SA, SP + MW, SP + NW, SP + MD and SP + ND) were studied on pistachio psyllid population during two years. Distilled water was also considered as control. The amount of secondary compounds (total phenol and flavonoid contents) in pistachio leaves in different treatments was determined. In the first year, the highest percentage of population reduction of pistachio psyllid was observed in combined treatment of spirotetramate and methanolic extract of dill seed (SP + MD) with an average of -91.26 ± 3.21 % and in the second year in methanolic extract of dill seed (MD) with an average of 36.70 ± 8.43% and SP + MD combined treatment with an average of -35.17 ± 17.9%. In both years, the combined use of n-hexanic extract of green walnut husk with spirotratram (SP + NW) reduced significantly the population of pistachio psyllids compared to the use of spirotratram alone. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid compounds in the leaves of pistachio trees treated with the studied compounds showed a significant difference. The highest level of total phenol was obtained in SP + MD treatment (75.48 ± 1.94) that showed significant differences with SP, MD and SP + ND treatments. The results of this study during two years showed that methanolic extract of dill seed in combination with spirotetramate (SP + MD) had the greatest effect in the population control of pistachio psylla nymphs and therefore can be considered in the integrated management programmes of this pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keyword: Common pistachio psyllid
  • Plant extract
  • Plant resistance
  • Phenol
  • Flavonoids
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