اثر سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن روی واکنش تابعی پشه شکارگر Aphidoletes aphidimyza در تغذیه از شته جالیز Aphis gossypii

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 استاد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

3 دانش آموخته مقطع دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

4 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
واکنش تابعی یکی از اجزای مهم در روابط شکارگر- شکار می­باشد. این واکنش رفتاری می­تواند تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف مانند کیفیت گیاهان میزبان قرار گیرد. در این پژوهش، واکنش تابعی لاروهای پشه  شکارگر Aphidoletes aphidimyza نسبت به شته جالیز پرورش یافته روی گیاهان خیار تغذیه شده با مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن (صفر، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بررسی شد. آزمایش­ در دمای 1 ± 25 درجه­ سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 60 درصد و دوره­ نوری  8 :16 (تاریکی: روشنایی) ساعت انجام شد. تراکم­های مختلفی (دو، چهار، شش، هشت، 12، 16و 24) از پوره­های دو و سه روزه­ی شته­ جالیز به صورت جداگانه در هفت تکرار در اختیار لاروهای چهار روزه­ پشه­ شکارگر قرار گرفت. تعداد طعمه­های خورده شده بعد از 18 ساعت شمارش و ثبت شد. تعیین نوع واکنش تابعی و تخمین پارامتر‏های آن به ترتیب با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک و رگرسیون غیرخطی در نرم افزار SAS انجام شد. واکنش تابعی شکارگر در تمام تیمارها از نوع دوم بود. نرخ حمله­ شکارگر در تیمارهای مختلف بین 0623/0 تا 1512/0 بر ساعت و زمان دستیابی آن بین 4646/1 تا 8716/1 ساعت متغیر بود. بیش­ترین مقدار عددی نرخ حمله و کمترین مقدار عددی زمان دستیابی شکارگر در تیمار 200 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به دست آمد. این پژوهش نشان داد که افزودن کود نیتروژن به خاک در کشت خیار می­تواند توانایی­ شکارگری پشه A. aphidimyza را روی شته جالیز بهبود بخشد. با این حال، درک جزئیات بیشتر از اثرات سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن در برهم­کنش­های گیاه خیار- شته جالیز- پشه شکارگر نیازمند انجام مطالعات بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on the functional response of the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza in feeding on the melon aphid Aphis gossypii

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvin Honarvar 1
  • Mahdi Hassanpour 2
  • Ali Golizadeh 2
  • Leila Mottaghinia 3
  • Leila Zanganeh 4
1 Graduated MSc, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Professor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Graduated PhD Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
4 PhD Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
The functional response is one of the important components of predator-prey interactions. It can be affected by different factors such as host plant quality. In this research, the functional response of the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza larvae to the nymphs of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii reared on cucumber plants amended with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) was investigated. The experiments were carried out at 25±1 °C, 60±5 % RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8(L: D). Different densities (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24) of mixed 2- and 3-d old nymphs of the aphid were separately offered to 4-d-old predator larvae. The numbers of killed preys were recorded after 18 h. Logistic and nonlinear regression analyses were used to determine the type of functional response and estimate of attack rate (a) and handling time (Th) parameters, respectively. At all treatments, the predator exhibited a type II functional response to change in A. gossypii density. The attack rate and handling time of the predator were ranged from 0.0623 to 0.1512 h-1 and 1.4646 to 1.8716 h, respectively. The highest value of attack rate and the lowest value of the handling time of A. aphidimyza were obtained at treatment of 200 kg/ha nitrogen. This study revealed that adding nitrogen to the soil in cucumber cultivation can improve the predatory ability of A. aphidimyza on A. gossypii. However, for understanding further details of the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on cucumber- A. gossypii- A. aphidimyza interactions, further studies need to be carried out.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: attack rate
  • handling time
  • nitrogen fertilizer
  • predator-prey interactions
  • prey quality
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