References
Ali A, Choudhury RA, Ahmad Z, Rahman F, Khan FR, et al., 2009. Some biological characteristics of Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 4: 99–106.
Alizadeh SH, Ebrahimi A, 2004. Preliminary study of the biology of Trichogramma pintoi on Sitotroga cerealella. 16th Plant Protection Congress, 28-30 August, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. P. 79 (in Persian).
Alsaedi G, Ashouri A, Talaei-Hassanloui R, 2017. Assessment of two Trichogramma species with Bacillus thuringiensis var. krustaki for the control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Iran. Open Journal of Ecology 7: 112–124.
Amaro JT, Bueno AF, Poari-Fernandes AF, Neves PMOJ, 2015. Selectivity of organic products to Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Neotropical Entomology 44: 489–497.
Amichot M, Curty C, Benguettat-Magliano OB, Gallet A, Wajnberg E, 2016. Side effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on the hymenopterous parasitic wasp Trichogramma chilonis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 3097–3103.
Attaran MR, Shojaie M, Ebrahimi A, 2000. Effects of host and feeding on the longevity and the number of egg laid by Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 4- 7 September, University of Isfahan, Isfahan. P. 173 (in Persian).
Attaran MR, Dadpour Moghanlou H, 2011. An analytical review of present status and future prospective in utilization of Trichogramma wasps for biological control of agricultural pests in Iran. National Congress on Biological Control, July 27-28, Tehran, Iran. Pp. 94–112 (in Persian).
Azema M, Mirabzadeh A, 2004. Issues on Different Aspects of Applying Natural Enemies for Biological Control of Insect Pests. Markaze Nashre Sepehr Publication, 213 pp. (in Persian).
Azizoglu U, Yılmaz S, Ayvaz A, Karabörklü S, 2015. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 spore–crystal mixture on the adults of egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 29: 653–658.
Bai B, Ҫobanoǧlu S, Smith SM, 1995. Assessment of Trichogramma species for biological control of forest lepidopteran defoliators. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75: 135–145.
Behdad E, 2002. Introductory Entomology and Important Plant Pests in Iran. Yadbood. 618 pp. (in Persian).
Bigler F, 1994. Quality control in Trichogramma production. Pp. 1-36. In Wajnberg E. and Hassan SA (eds.). Biological Control with Egg Parastitoids. Wallingford, CAB International, UK.
Carey JR, 1993. Applied Demography for Biologists with Special Emphasis on Insects. Oxford University Press, UK.
Cerutti F, Bigler F, 1995. Quality assessment of Trichogramma brassicae in the laboratory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75: 19–26.
Chirane J, Lauge G, 1996. Loss of parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) under high temperature conditions. Biological Control 7: 95–99.
De Bortoli SA, Vacari AM, Polanczyk RA, Veiga ACP, Goulart RM, 2017. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on parasitoids and predators. In: Lacey LA (ed) Microbial control of insect and mite pests – from theory to practice. Academic, London, Pp. 67–77.
Delpuech JM, Bussod S, Amar A, 2015. The sublethal effects of endosulfan on the circadian rhythms and locomotor activity of two sympatric parasitoid species. Chemosphere 132: 200–205.
Ebrahimi E, Pintureau B, Shojai M, 1998. Morpholiogical and enzymatic study of the genusTrichogramma in Iran (Hym. Trichogrammatidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66: 122–141 (in Persian).
Famil M, Hesami SH, Askari M, 2018. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on some biological characteristics of parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconiadae). Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 7(3): 67–75 (in Persian).
Farokhi SH, Ashouri A, Huigens M, Verbaarschot P, 2011. Horizontal transmission of Wolbachia in Trichogramma Wasps (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science 41(2): 315–325 (in Persian).
Fontes J, Roja IS, Tavares J, Oliveira L, 2018. Lethal and sublethal effects of various pesticides on Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Ecotoxicology 20(2): 1–8.
Gallego JR, Guerrero-Manzano J, Fernandez-Maldonado FJ, Cabello T, 2019. Susceptibility of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides used in tomato greenhouse. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17(2): 1–15.
Goncalves CI, Amaro F, Figueiredo E, Godinho MC, Mexia A, 2005. Productivity and quality aspects concerning the laboratory rearing of Trichogramma spp. (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) and its factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae). Boletin de Sanidad Vegatal Plagas 31: 19–23.
Goulart RM, De Bortoli SA, Vacari AM, Laurentis VL, Veiga ACP, et al., 2015. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on the biological characteristics of the predator Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) feeding on eggs of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Biological Control 10 (2): 1–7.
Haile AT, Hassan SA, Sithanantham S, Ogol C, 2002. Comparative life table analysis of Trichogramma bournieri Pintureau and Babault and Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai Schulten and Feijen (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) from Kenya. Journal of Applied Entomology 126: 287–292.
Hassan SA, Zhang WQ, 2001. Variability in quality of Trichogramma brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) from commercial suppliers in Germany. Biological Control 22: 115–121.
Hegazi EM, Khafagi WE, 1998. Studies on three species of Trichogramma. III. Comparision of longevity and fecundity of adult wasps fed and on selected foods. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 43: 79–88.
Heravi P, 2015. Advances in Integrated Pest Management of Cotton. Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Cotton Research Institute Publication (in Persian). 60 pp.
Hohmann CL, Luck RF, 2000. Effect of temperature on the development and thermal requirements of Wolbachia-infected and antibiotically cured Trichogramma kaykai Pinto and Stouthamer. Annals Society of Entomological Brazil 29(3): 497–505.
Hohmann CL, Luck RF, Stouthhamer R, 2001. Host deprivation effect on reproduction and survival of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Trichogramma kaykai Pinto & Stouthamer (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Neotropical Entomology 30(4): 601–605.
Iranipour S, Vaez N, Ghanbalani GN, Askari Zakaria R, Mashhadi Jafarloo M, 2010. Effect of host change on demographic fitness of the parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae. Journal of Insect Science 10: 88
Jadhav SN, Konda CR, Hanumanaikar RH, 2010. Eco-friendly integrated pest management strategies against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science 23(1): 103–105.
Jijkli MH, 2010. European market of biological control agents: actual situation and perspectives. Final Report of an EU Project 416. P. 6.
Jimenez V, Murgueitio C, 1991. Egg production characterization of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae) under laboratory condition in Palmira, Colombia. Colleqeus de L, INRA 56: 145–146.
Kazmer DJ, Luck RF, 1991. Female body size, fitness and biological control quality: field experiments with Trichogramma pretiosum. Colloques de L, INRA 56: 37–40.
Khan MA, Khan H, Robertson JR, 2015. Lethal and behavioral effects of selected novel pesticides on adults of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Pest Management Science 71: 1640–1648.
Lashgari AA, Talebi AA, Fathipour Y, Farahani S, Study on demographic parameters of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) on three host species in laboratory conditions. Journal of Entomological Research 2(1): 49 – 60 (in Persian).
Leatmia JA, Laing JE, Corrigan JE, 1995a. Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley. The Canadian Entomologist 121: 245–254.
Leatmia JA, Laing ME, Corrigan JE, 1995b. Production of exclusively male progeny by mated honey-fed Trichogramma minutum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 119: 561–566.
Lundgren JG, Heimpel GE, 2002. Quality assessment of three species of commercially produced Trichogramma and the first report of thelytoky in commercially produced Trichogramma. Biological Control 26: 68–73.
Maia AHN, Luiz AJB, Campanhola C, 2000. Statistical inference on associated fertility life table parameters using jackknife technique computational aspects. Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 511–518.
Manicka VS, Frooqi S, 1994. Biological attribute of four species of Trichogramma (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) a comparative study. Biological Control 25: 225–237.
Moezipour M, Shojaei SH, 2008. Developmental biology and fertility life table parameters of Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko), on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella at different temperatures, in laboratory condition. Pakistan Journal of Entomology 30 (1): 5–10.
Mohammadi D, 2005. Investigation of the effect of some toxins on Helicoverpa armigera Hub. MSc Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz (in Persian).
Movahedi M, Nouri Ghanbalani G, Ranjbar Aghdam H, Imani S, 2014. Evaluating the efficiency of Trichogramma pintoii and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on corn stem borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn fields of Moghan plain. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research 2 (11): 2825–2829.
Nascimento PT, Fadini MAM, Valicente FH, Ribeiro PEA, 2018. Does Bacillus thuringiensis have adverse effects on the host egg location by parasitoid wasps? Biological Control and Crop Protection 62: 260–266.
Öztemiz S, Kuden A, Nas S, Lavkor I, 2017. Efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in control of Cydia pomonella (L.) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 41: 201–207.
Palma L, Delia Muñoz D, Berry C, Murillo J, Caballero P, 2014. Bacillus thuringiensis toxins: an overview of their biocidal activity. Toxins 6(12): 3296–3325.
Parra JRP, Sales OJR, 1994. Biology of Trichogramma galloi reared on natural and factitious hosts under different temperatures and relative humidities. Trichogramma and Other Egg Parasitoids 4: 95–99.
Prased RP, Roitberg B, Henderson E, 2002. The effect of rearing temperature on parasitism by Trichogramma sibericum Sorokina at ambient temperatures. Biological Control 25: 110–115.
Raymond B, Wright DJ, Crickmore N, Bonsall MB, 2013. The impact of straindiversity and mixed infections on the evolution of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences280: 2013–1497.
Revathi N, Ravikumar G, Kalaiselvi M, Gomathi D, Uma C, 2011. Pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic fungi against Helicoverpa armigera. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology 2(4): 1–4.
Sansinenea E, 2012. Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology. Springer, Netherlands.
Santos Jr HJG, Marques EJ, Pratissoli D, Kloss TG, Machado LC, et al., 2011. Efeito de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillaceae) sobre parâmetros biológicos do parasitoide Trichogramma pretiosum (Trichogrammatidae). Natureza 9(1): 1–6.
Sayed SM, Elsayed G, Mahmoud SF, Elzahrany OM, 2015. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis and indigenous Trichogramma turkistanica for controlling lepi-dopterous pests on Taify Pomegranate Fruits. African Entomology 23: 443–450.
Sedaratian A, Fathipour Y, Talaei-Hassanloui R, 2013. Deleterious effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera. BioControl 59(1):89–98.
Shojai M, Ostovan H, Khodaman AR, Hosseini M, Daniali M, et al., 1998. An investigation on beneficial species of Trichogramma spp. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), active in apple orchards, and providing optimum conditions for mass production in laboratory cultures. Journal of Agricultural Sciences16: 5–39.
Singh P, 1982. Artificial Diets for Insects, Mites and Spiders. (2nd printing) IFI/ Plenum Data Company.
Singh D, Mathew IL, 2015. The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt transgenics on parasitoids during biological control. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 3(4): 123–131.
Soundararajan RP, 2012. Pesticides- Advances in Chemical and Botanical Pesticides. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia.
Steidle JLM, Rees D, Wright EJ, 2001. Assessment of Australian Trichogramma species as control agents of stored product moths. Journal of Stored Production Research 37: 263–275.
Suh CPC, Orr DB, Van Duyn JW, 2000. Trichogramma releases in North Carolina cotton: why releases fail to suppress heliothine pests. Journal of Economic Entomology 93: 1137–1145.
Tabashnik BE, Zhang M, Fabrick JA, Wu Y, Gao M, et al., 2015. Dualmode of action of Bt proteins: protoxin efficacy against resistant insects. Nature 5: 15107.
Thubru DP, Firake DM, Behere GT, 2018. Assessing risks of pesticides targeting lepidopteran pests in cruciferous ecosystems to eggs parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 25: 680–688.
Uzun S, 1994. Studies on the parasitoid host relationship of Trichogramma brassicae Bez. (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) and eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zell. Under different temperatures and storage periods. Journal of Applied Entomology 119: 431–440.
Vaez N, 2007. The effect of adaptation in Trichogramma brassicae Bez. reared on factitious hosts, to Helicoverpa armigera Hub. before release. MSc Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil (in Persian).
Vaez N, Iranipour S, Hejazi MJ, 2013. Effect of treating eggs of cotton bollworm with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on functional response of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 46(20): 2501–2511.
Vaez N, Iranipour S, Hejazi MJ, 2014. Life table parameters of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) on Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), infected with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2(2): 17–28 (in Persian).
Vaez N, Iranipour S, Hejazi MJ, 2018. Sublethal Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner on Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 6(4): 147–163 (in Persian).
van Lenteren JC, 2003. Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents: Theory and Testing Procedures. CABI Publication. Wageningen, Netherlands. 327 pp.
Vega FE, Kaya HK, 2012. Insect Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 508 pp.
Vianna UR, Pratissoli D, Jose´ C, Zanuncio JC, Eraldo R, Lima ER, et al., 2009. Insecticide toxicity to Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females and effect on descendant generation. Ecotoxicology 18:180–186.
Xu J, Huigens ME, Orr D, Groot AT, 2014. Differential response of Trichogramma wasps to extreme sex pheromone types of the noctuid moth Heliothis virescens. Ecological Entomology 39: 627–636.
Yu DSK, Hagley EA, Laing JE, 1984. Biology of Trichogramma minutum Riley collected from apples in Southern Ontoria. Environmental Entomology 13: 1324–1329.
)