University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Evaluation of bean plant treatment with Trichoderma harzianum TR6 on the biology of bean aphid Aphis fabae Evaluation of bean plant treatment with Trichoderma harzianum TR6 on the biology of bean aphid Aphis fabae 1 16 12443 10.22034/arpp.2021.12443 FA Solmaz Azimi Department of Plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shaid Madani Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran Saedeh Shahin Department of plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shaid Madani Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Alizadeh Department of Plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shaid Madani Azarbaijan, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 09 Abstract Trichoderma species are important biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. However, potential of Trichoderma species in insect pest management, remain poorly understood. In this study, the effect of T. harzianum TR6 on the life table parameters of black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, was evaluated under glasshouse conditions as compared to control. The Vicia faba and black bean aphid were grown in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 0C, %50 ± 5 RH and a photoperiod of 14 L : 10 D hours. Then, five ml of fungal spore suspension (with concentration of 1 × 106 ml-1) was added into the soil of sown mugs with a sterile syringe. The results obtained in this study revealed that T. harzianum scientifically affected the biological properties of black bean aphid in comparison with the control. Treatment with T. harzianum resulted in the highest developmental time (20.36 days) and the lowest fertility rate in black bean aphid. There was significant differences in terms of inherent rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control. The highest rate was occurred in control treatment (0.42 ± 0.01 day-1) and the lowest in treatment with T. harzianum (0.16 ± 0.01 day-1). The life expectancy of black bean aphids, which was grown on T. harzianum treated soil, was significantly lower than control. According to the results, it can be stated that treatment of faba bean plant with T. harzianum can be effective in reducing the population of the aphids of the bean. Abstract Trichoderma species are important biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. However, potential of Trichoderma species in insect pest management, remain poorly understood. In this study, the effect of T. harzianum TR6 on the life table parameters of black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, was evaluated under glasshouse conditions as compared to control. The Vicia faba and black bean aphid were grown in a growth chamber at 25 ± 2 0C, %50 ± 5 RH and a photoperiod of 14 L : 10 D hours. Then, five ml of fungal spore suspension (with concentration of 1 × 106 ml-1) was added into the soil of sown mugs with a sterile syringe. The results obtained in this study revealed that T. harzianum scientifically affected the biological properties of black bean aphid in comparison with the control. Treatment with T. harzianum resulted in the highest developmental time (20.36 days) and the lowest fertility rate in black bean aphid. There was significant differences in terms of inherent rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control. The highest rate was occurred in control treatment (0.42 ± 0.01 day-1) and the lowest in treatment with T. harzianum (0.16 ± 0.01 day-1). The life expectancy of black bean aphids, which was grown on T. harzianum treated soil, was significantly lower than control. According to the results, it can be stated that treatment of faba bean plant with T. harzianum can be effective in reducing the population of the aphids of the bean.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12443_febb40da1e1e307af3e7b225a24f23a0.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Evaluation of the response of three maize hybrids against European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis in different sowing dates in the Moghan region Evaluation of the response of three maize hybrids against European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis in different sowing dates in the Moghan region 17 27 12464 10.22034/arpp.2021.12464 FA Ebrahimi Laleh BioControl Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Shiri Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Ali Badali Horticultural Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Moghan, Iran. Journal Article 2021 02 15 Abstract This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the severity of infestation and damage of European Corn Borrer (ECB) on three maize hybrids. Two separate experiments (with and without insecticide spraying against ECB) were conducted as a factorial experiment with two factors including sowing date at three levels (25th April, 10th May and 25th May) and hybrids at three levels (SC704, SC705- and SC706) based on randomized complete block design with four replications for two years in Moghan region, Iran. The results showed that the grain yield of the studied hybrids under spraying conditions with 13.28 t ha-1 was significantly higher than the no spraying conditions with 11.45 t ha-1. This shows that no spraying against this pest reduced grain yield by 1830 kg ha-1 (13.80%). The results also showed that in both spraying and no spraying conditions, 25th May sowing date had the highest grain yield with 14.57 and 12.98 t ha-1, respectively. In no spraying conditions, SC706 hybrid with 12.19 t ha-1 showed significantly higher grain yield than SC704 and SC705 hybrids with 11.38 and 10.78 t ha-1 grain yield, respectively. Based on the two-year average, the SC706 hybrid also had the lowest number of holes per stem, tunnel length per plant, percentage of plant infestation and percentage of stalk breakage due to the pest damage. Therefore, the SC706 hybrid is a productive hybrid that is relatively tolerant against ECB. Abstract This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the severity of infestation and damage of European Corn Borrer (ECB) on three maize hybrids. Two separate experiments (with and without insecticide spraying against ECB) were conducted as a factorial experiment with two factors including sowing date at three levels (25th April, 10th May and 25th May) and hybrids at three levels (SC704, SC705- and SC706) based on randomized complete block design with four replications for two years in Moghan region, Iran. The results showed that the grain yield of the studied hybrids under spraying conditions with 13.28 t ha-1 was significantly higher than the no spraying conditions with 11.45 t ha-1. This shows that no spraying against this pest reduced grain yield by 1830 kg ha-1 (13.80%). The results also showed that in both spraying and no spraying conditions, 25th May sowing date had the highest grain yield with 14.57 and 12.98 t ha-1, respectively. In no spraying conditions, SC706 hybrid with 12.19 t ha-1 showed significantly higher grain yield than SC704 and SC705 hybrids with 11.38 and 10.78 t ha-1 grain yield, respectively. Based on the two-year average, the SC706 hybrid also had the lowest number of holes per stem, tunnel length per plant, percentage of plant infestation and percentage of stalk breakage due to the pest damage. Therefore, the SC706 hybrid is a productive hybrid that is relatively tolerant against ECB.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12464_5677d731903090c74472880cbaf2a089.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Identification of Fusarium species associated with root rot symptoms of the rapeseed in Khuzestan province Identification of Fusarium species associated with root rot symptoms of the rapeseed in Khuzestan province 29 43 12465 10.22034/arpp.2021.12465 FA Ozra Nemati Mondani Pour Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Reza Farokhinejad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Mehrabi-Koushki Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Journal Article 2021 02 15 Abstract Rapeseed is a host for a large number of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium. During 2018–2020, 40 rapeseed samples showing yellowing, wilting and root rot were collected from different areas in Khuzestan province, which led to the isolation of 35 Fusarium isolates on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). Ten isolates were selected based on the shape of the colonies and conidia and identified according to phylogenetic analysis and morphology. For molecular study, two regions including the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA region (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) were amplified and sequenced. These sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference algorithms. Accordingly, F. acuminatum, F. clavum, F. gracilipes, F. incarnatum and F. tanahbumbuense,and a representative species of the new lineage were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species Fusarium acuminatum, F. clavum, F. gracilipes, F. incarnatum and F. tanahbumbuense on rapeseed in Iran. Moreover, the species F. gracilipesis a new record for the Mycobiota of Iran. Abstract Rapeseed is a host for a large number of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium. During 2018–2020, 40 rapeseed samples showing yellowing, wilting and root rot were collected from different areas in Khuzestan province, which led to the isolation of 35 Fusarium isolates on potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). Ten isolates were selected based on the shape of the colonies and conidia and identified according to phylogenetic analysis and morphology. For molecular study, two regions including the internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA region (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) were amplified and sequenced. These sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference algorithms. Accordingly, F. acuminatum, F. clavum, F. gracilipes, F. incarnatum and F. tanahbumbuense,and a representative species of the new lineage were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the species Fusarium acuminatum, F. clavum, F. gracilipes, F. incarnatum and F. tanahbumbuense on rapeseed in Iran. Moreover, the species F. gracilipesis a new record for the Mycobiota of Iran.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12465_5aa241e1aae7c9a66172b6bd158cd223.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Efficiency of Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen for control of European red mite in apple orchards of some provinces in Iran Efficiency of Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen for control of European red mite in apple orchards of some provinces in Iran 45 55 12487 10.22034/arpp.2021.12487 FA Maryam Rezaie 1Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Tehran, Iran Mohammad Saeed Emami Plant Pest and Diseases Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Esfahan, Iran. Maryam Frozan Plant Pest and Diseases Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, West Azarbaijan, Iran. Davod Shirdel Plant Pest and Diseases Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, East Azarbaijan, Iran. Hashem Kamalie Plant Pest and Diseases Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Khorasan-e Razavi, Iran. Journal Article 2021 02 17 Abstract The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi is one of the most important pests of apple orchards in some parts of Iran. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen for the control of European red mite in apple orchards of Isfahan, East, West Azerbaijan and Khorasan-e Razavi provinces of Iran. Towards this aim, two concentrations of Spiromesifen 24% SC (0.5 and 0.4 ml/l) and Cyflumetofen 20% SC (1 and 0.8 ml/l) were compared with Etoxazole 10% SC 0.4 ml/l, Propargite 57% EC 1 ml/l, Fenpyroximate 0.5 ml/L, Spriodiclofen 0.5 ml/l and control (water sprayed). The percentage of efficiency was calculated by the Henderson-Tilton formula. The average number of mites per leaf was counted one day before and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after spraying. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design in multiple places. Cyflumetofen was effective on European red mites in apple orchards of the above-mentioned provinces. Spiromesifen was effective; expect in Khorasan-e Razavi provinces. Although in this province, its efficacy increased by increasing time after treatment. The knock down effect of these pesticides was significant. After 3 days, Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen had caused 88–99% and 58–99% of mortality respectively. The efficacy of the compound was up to 99% for Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen after 28 days that indicated the persistence of these pesticides. We recommend the 0.8 ml/lit dose of Cyflumetofen and 0.4 ml/lit dose of Spiromesifen for the control of the European red mite in apple orchards. Abstract The European red mite, Panonychus ulmi is one of the most important pests of apple orchards in some parts of Iran. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen for the control of European red mite in apple orchards of Isfahan, East, West Azerbaijan and Khorasan-e Razavi provinces of Iran. Towards this aim, two concentrations of Spiromesifen 24% SC (0.5 and 0.4 ml/l) and Cyflumetofen 20% SC (1 and 0.8 ml/l) were compared with Etoxazole 10% SC 0.4 ml/l, Propargite 57% EC 1 ml/l, Fenpyroximate 0.5 ml/L, Spriodiclofen 0.5 ml/l and control (water sprayed). The percentage of efficiency was calculated by the Henderson-Tilton formula. The average number of mites per leaf was counted one day before and 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after spraying. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design in multiple places. Cyflumetofen was effective on European red mites in apple orchards of the above-mentioned provinces. Spiromesifen was effective; expect in Khorasan-e Razavi provinces. Although in this province, its efficacy increased by increasing time after treatment. The knock down effect of these pesticides was significant. After 3 days, Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen had caused 88–99% and 58–99% of mortality respectively. The efficacy of the compound was up to 99% for Spiromesifen and Cyflumetofen after 28 days that indicated the persistence of these pesticides. We recommend the 0.8 ml/lit dose of Cyflumetofen and 0.4 ml/lit dose of Spiromesifen for the control of the European red mite in apple orchards.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12487_b4c7c1ec2d9260a0133c41c0323d0bb2.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Evaluation of various treatments on disinfestation of tomato seeds infected with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis Evaluation of various treatments on disinfestation of tomato seeds infected with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis 57 70 12501 10.22034/arpp.2021.12501 FA Farzaneh Mohammadsour Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Maryam Khezri Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Abolghasem Ghasemi Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 03 21 Abstract Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most serious and economically important diseases of tomato worldwide, incluing Iran. Control of this disease is difficult due to seed-borne nature and long term survival of the bacterial agent on seed. A preventive disease management program based on using pathogen-free seeds and resistant cultivars is the best method for the disease control. In this research, effects of thermal treatment (44-64 °C for 15, 25 and 35 minutes), chemical compounds (Bordeaux, Nordox, copper oxychloride and Mancozeb at three different doses), and nine antibiotics (nalidixic acid, gentamicin, doxycycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, cloxacillin, rifampin, cefalexin and furazolidone) were investigated on tomato seeds disinfestation under laboratory conditions. The results showed that thermotherapy is a suitable approach for seed disinfestation as thermal treatment of 56 °C for 35 minutes eliminated 98% of bacterial infestation without any effect on seed germination. In lower temperature, seed disinfestation was unsuccessful, and treatments of 60 and 64 °C showed a significant negative effect on seed germination. Treatments with Rifampin, nalidixic acid, doxycycline and gentamicin were effective in the elimination of 100% bacteria on seeds without any negative effect on seed germination. Treating infested seeds with the copper compounds showed that none of them were able to eliminate the bacteria, and significantly reduced their germination. Overall, the application of the studied antibiotics is the most effective method for tomato seeds disinfestation for research purposes, but heat treatment at 56 °C for 35 minutes for the practical application is recommended. Abstract Bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is one of the most serious and economically important diseases of tomato worldwide, incluing Iran. Control of this disease is difficult due to seed-borne nature and long term survival of the bacterial agent on seed. A preventive disease management program based on using pathogen-free seeds and resistant cultivars is the best method for the disease control. In this research, effects of thermal treatment (44-64 °C for 15, 25 and 35 minutes), chemical compounds (Bordeaux, Nordox, copper oxychloride and Mancozeb at three different doses), and nine antibiotics (nalidixic acid, gentamicin, doxycycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, cloxacillin, rifampin, cefalexin and furazolidone) were investigated on tomato seeds disinfestation under laboratory conditions. The results showed that thermotherapy is a suitable approach for seed disinfestation as thermal treatment of 56 °C for 35 minutes eliminated 98% of bacterial infestation without any effect on seed germination. In lower temperature, seed disinfestation was unsuccessful, and treatments of 60 and 64 °C showed a significant negative effect on seed germination. Treatments with Rifampin, nalidixic acid, doxycycline and gentamicin were effective in the elimination of 100% bacteria on seeds without any negative effect on seed germination. Treating infested seeds with the copper compounds showed that none of them were able to eliminate the bacteria, and significantly reduced their germination. Overall, the application of the studied antibiotics is the most effective method for tomato seeds disinfestation for research purposes, but heat treatment at 56 °C for 35 minutes for the practical application is recommended.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12501_fa8f88c64bd62f5393f030f0c026f8a8.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Evaluation and identification of resistant lines and hybrids to fusarium ear rot disease of maize Evaluation and identification of resistant lines and hybrids to fusarium ear rot disease of maize 71 81 12505 10.22034/arpp.2021.12505 FA Seyed Afshin Mosavat Agronomy & Horticulture Sciences Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan-Iran Hojatollah Mazahery-Laghab Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture Faculty, Bu-Ali Sina University Hassan Soltanloo Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Group, Plant Production College, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Mohammad Ali Aghajani Nasab-Afroozi Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan-Iran. Journal Article 2021 03 21 Abstract Fusarium ear rot disease of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important maize diseases that cause grain contamination with fumonisin mycotoxin, which is harmful for humans and animals. In order to determine the general and specific combining ability of 10 inbred lines of maize in response of fusarium ear rot disease, a 10×10 Diallel Cross design was used in 2014 and 90 combinations resulted from a two-way crosses of 10 interested inbred lines were evaluated at Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and EducationCenter, Agricultural Research Station of Araghi-Mohaleh in 2015. Trait of the severity of the disease was assessed on a scale of 1-6. Diallel analysis results based on method one and the mixed model B Griffing showed that additive and non-additive effects are effective in controlling of this trait,but the role of dominance is more pronounced.From the investigated lines two C5 and C53 inbred lines showed the highest significant negative combining ability in response to the disease. The highest heterosis amount was observed in two crossings of C7 × B73 and C7 × C5. Abstract Fusarium ear rot disease of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important maize diseases that cause grain contamination with fumonisin mycotoxin, which is harmful for humans and animals. In order to determine the general and specific combining ability of 10 inbred lines of maize in response of fusarium ear rot disease, a 10×10 Diallel Cross design was used in 2014 and 90 combinations resulted from a two-way crosses of 10 interested inbred lines were evaluated at Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and EducationCenter, Agricultural Research Station of Araghi-Mohaleh in 2015. Trait of the severity of the disease was assessed on a scale of 1-6. Diallel analysis results based on method one and the mixed model B Griffing showed that additive and non-additive effects are effective in controlling of this trait,but the role of dominance is more pronounced.From the investigated lines two C5 and C53 inbred lines showed the highest significant negative combining ability in response to the disease. The highest heterosis amount was observed in two crossings of C7 × B73 and C7 × C5.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12505_02d771aa88e37920db60fcaa97dfbaf8.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Control of potato soft rot disease using silicon, silicon nanoparticles and antagonistic bacterium Bacillus methylotrophicus at glasshouse conditions Control of potato soft rot disease using silicon, silicon nanoparticles and antagonistic bacterium Bacillus methylotrophicus at glasshouse conditions 83 96 12442 10.22034/arpp.2021.12442 FA Ali Viani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Parvaneh Joorabbaf Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Naser Aliasgharzad Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Journal Article 2021 04 04 Abstract In this research, the effect of Bacillus methylotrophicus in biological control of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of potato soft rot disease, as well as the effects of silicon and silicon nanoparticles, the two systemic acquired resistance inducing compounds, against both pathogenic and antagonistic bacteria was evaluated in laboratory and glasshouse conditions. In the disc diffusion and well diffusion assays, silicon and silicon nanoparticles did not produce any inhibitory zone around the tested bacteria, but the antagonistic bacterium, B. methylotrophicus, produced an inhibitory zone of growth in the same and chloroform assays with a radius of 9, 8.5 and 15 millimeters, respectively. Although, silicon nanoparticles slightly reduced populations of both pathogenic and antagonistic bacteria after 6 and 10 hours post culturing in liquid medium, but after 24 hours, the differences between them and control treatment were not significant. Silicon did not inhibit the growth of the tested bacteria in liquid medium. At glasshouse conditions, all treatments of silicon and silicon nanoparticles as well as antagonistic bacterium were significantly increased the fresh and dry root and shoot weight in compare to positive control, but the best result was achieved by combined treatments of silicon or silicon nanoparticles with antagonistic bacterium. All the treatments completely inhibited disease development on potato plants in compare to positive control and no disease symptoms were observed whereas in control treatments all the tubers showed maceration and rotting symptoms and were destroyed. Abstract In this research, the effect of Bacillus methylotrophicus in biological control of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of potato soft rot disease, as well as the effects of silicon and silicon nanoparticles, the two systemic acquired resistance inducing compounds, against both pathogenic and antagonistic bacteria was evaluated in laboratory and glasshouse conditions. In the disc diffusion and well diffusion assays, silicon and silicon nanoparticles did not produce any inhibitory zone around the tested bacteria, but the antagonistic bacterium, B. methylotrophicus, produced an inhibitory zone of growth in the same and chloroform assays with a radius of 9, 8.5 and 15 millimeters, respectively. Although, silicon nanoparticles slightly reduced populations of both pathogenic and antagonistic bacteria after 6 and 10 hours post culturing in liquid medium, but after 24 hours, the differences between them and control treatment were not significant. Silicon did not inhibit the growth of the tested bacteria in liquid medium. At glasshouse conditions, all treatments of silicon and silicon nanoparticles as well as antagonistic bacterium were significantly increased the fresh and dry root and shoot weight in compare to positive control, but the best result was achieved by combined treatments of silicon or silicon nanoparticles with antagonistic bacterium. All the treatments completely inhibited disease development on potato plants in compare to positive control and no disease symptoms were observed whereas in control treatments all the tubers showed maceration and rotting symptoms and were destroyed.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12442_8580f093209ed15cc281a5597e772a2e.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection 2383-1855 10 1 2021 03 21 Identification and pathogenicity of Cytospora isolates associated with canker and dieback disease on pomegranate, in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces Identification and pathogenicity of Cytospora isolates associated with canker and dieback disease on pomegranate, in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces 97 103 12467 10.22034/arpp.2021.12467 FA Hadi Golmohamadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty o f Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mahdi Arzanlou Department of Plant Protection, Faculty o f Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Hojat Allah Rabani Nasab Plant Protection Research Division, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran. Journal Article 2021 02 15 Abstract Pomegranate is one of the economically important products in Iran. In order to identify the fungal agents involved in canker and dieback disease on pomegranate trees, during the different seasons of 2017-2018, samples were taken from pomegranate orchards with these disease symptoms in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces. Disease symptoms appeared as leaf chlorosis, dieback, leaf drop, particularly in the upper crown, longitudinal cankers on branches and trunk, bark cracking and vascular discoloration wood. Disease incidence was rated about 8 percent. A total number of 178 symptomatic wood samples were collected from pomegranate orchards in two provinces. Ultimately, 171 fungal isolates were recovered from symptomatic tissues. Cytospora punicae was determined as the dominant fungal agent with the isolation frequency of 75 percent, based on combination of morphological characteristics and sequence data of ITS region. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled using the excised shoot method. The results of pathogenicity assay confirmed C. punicae being pathogenic of pomegranate. The results of present study determined C. punicae as the cause of canker and dieback of pomegranate trees in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces. With the identification and determination of the cause of this disease, in future it will be possible to adopt proper disease management strategies. Abstract Pomegranate is one of the economically important products in Iran. In order to identify the fungal agents involved in canker and dieback disease on pomegranate trees, during the different seasons of 2017-2018, samples were taken from pomegranate orchards with these disease symptoms in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces. Disease symptoms appeared as leaf chlorosis, dieback, leaf drop, particularly in the upper crown, longitudinal cankers on branches and trunk, bark cracking and vascular discoloration wood. Disease incidence was rated about 8 percent. A total number of 178 symptomatic wood samples were collected from pomegranate orchards in two provinces. Ultimately, 171 fungal isolates were recovered from symptomatic tissues. Cytospora punicae was determined as the dominant fungal agent with the isolation frequency of 75 percent, based on combination of morphological characteristics and sequence data of ITS region. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled using the excised shoot method. The results of pathogenicity assay confirmed C. punicae being pathogenic of pomegranate. The results of present study determined C. punicae as the cause of canker and dieback of pomegranate trees in East Azerbaijan and Golestan provinces. With the identification and determination of the cause of this disease, in future it will be possible to adopt proper disease management strategies.

https://arpp.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12467_8afafb555ec73a853f5998798d41916a.pdf