زیست شناسی سرخرطومی طبق خارلته Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl. 1792 (Col.: Curculionidae) عامل مهار زیستی علف هرز خارلته Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. (Asteraceae) در منطقه ی ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه.

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه.

چکیده

چکیده
علف هرز خارلته،Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. 1835 ، گیاهی است دو ساله که باعث بروزمشکلات جدی در مراتع و مزارع می­شود. در این پژوهش، زیست­شناسی سرخرطومی طبق خارلتهRhincyllus conicus Fröl,  ، به عنوان یک عامل مهار زیستی این علف­هرز، در منطقه­ی ارومیه مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد که این سرخرطومی دارای یک نسل در سال بوده و به صورت حشره­ی کامل زمستا­ن­گذرانی می­کند. حشرات کامل در اوایل خرداد ماه از پناه­گاه زمستانه خارج و ضمن استقرار روی گیاه میزبان و جفت­گیری متناوب، از برگ ­و ساقه­های نرم آن تغذیه می­کنند. ماده­های بارور، تخم­های خود را به صورت انفرادی در زیر طبق و در حفره­ای که خود آن را ایجاد می­کنند، قرار می­دهند. دوره­ی رشد و نمو جنینی در شرایط طبیعی پنج تا هشت روز طول می­کشد. لاروها بعد از خروج از تخم، وارد طبق شده و تا شش عدد لارو در درون طبق­های بزرگ­تر می­توانند رشد کنند. رشد و نمو لاروی در شرایط طبیعی 5±27 روز طول می­کشد. لاروها ضمن رشد و نمو، از بافت­های درونی طبق و بذور آنها تغذیه کرده و باعث از بین رفتن و یا تخریب بذرهای درون طبق می­شوند. لاروهای کامل یک حجره شفیرگی تخم مرغی شکل تیره رنگ در طبق درست کرده و درون آن تبدیل به شفیره می­شوند. دوره شفیرگی در 14-9 روز کامل شده و اولین حشرات کامل نسل جدید از اواسط تیرماه ظاهر، و با ترک طبق، مکان مناسبی را برای زمستان­گذرانی جستجو می­کنند. حشرات زمستان­گذران در اوایل خرداد ماه سال بعد، از مکان­های زمستان­گذرانی خود خارج می­شوند. لاروهای این سرخرطومی توسط دو گونه از زنبورهای پارازیتوئید به نام­های Baryscapus crssicornis (Hym.: Eulophidae) و Bracon armeniacus (Hym.: Braconidae) پارازیته می­شوند. زنبور B. armeniacus برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش می­شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biology of Bull Thistle Seed Head Weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl. 1792 (Col.: Curculionidae) as a Biocontrol Agent of Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. (Asteraceae) in Urmia Region.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yunis Karimpour 1
  • Samira Arvyan 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University.
2 Former MSc. Student of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. 1835 (Asteraceae) is a biennial weed that causes serious problem in grassland and cultivated areas. The biology of bull thistle seedhead weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus as a biocontrol agent of C. vulgare were studied in Urmia region. The results showed that, the R. conicus has a single generation per year and overwinter as adult. Adults emerge from hibernation at the end of May. They establish on host plant and feed on the leaves and soft stems of them. Adults mate from time to time throughout their life span. Then, fertilized females lay eggs below the capitula. Eggs are laid singly into a hole bored by female. The incubation period was 5-8 days in natural conditions. Upon hatching, the young larvae penetrate into the seedhead where they feed on receptacle tissue and developing seeds. Up to 6 larvae can develop in larger capitula. Larval development in natural conditions takes 27±5 days. Once larvae are mature, they consume and destroy the seedhead.  Mature larvae make an egg shape and black color pupal cell in capitula and then pupate. The pupa completes its development in 9-14 days. Emergences of new adults begin in early July, then leave the capitula and search for suitable overwintering site. They reemerge in May of following year. The larvae of R. conicus were parasitized by two species of parasitic wasps namely, Baryscapus crassicornis (Hym.: Eulophidae) and Bracon armeniacus (Hym.: Braconidae). The species B. armeniacus is newly recorded from Iran.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Biology
  • Biological control
  • Cirsium vulgare
  • Rhinocyllus conicus
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