بررسی خاصیت ضدقارچی چند عصاره ی گیاهی از گیاهان بومی شمال ایران بر روی بیمارگر Penicilluim digitatum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه صنعتی نوشیروانی بابل، دانشکده علوم پایه، بابل، ایران.

2 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده
Penicillium digitatum، عامل بیماری کپک سبز مرکبات، یکی از مهم­ترین بیمارگرهای ایجاد کننده پوسیدگی میوه در مرکبات می­باشد که خسارت‌ قابل توجهی به محصول وارد می­سازد. متاسفانه استفاده­ مکرر از ترکیبات شیمیایی، ضمن ایجاد اثرات مخرب بر روی انسان و محیط زیست سبب بروز جدایه‌های مقاوم بیمارگر نیز می­شود. امروزه، استفاده از آفت­کش­های زیستی نظیر آنتاگونیست­ها و ترکیبات طبیعی گیاهی، جایگزینی بادوام برای کنترل بیماری­های پس از برداشت می­باشد. در این بررسی، توانایی عصاره های حاصل از تعدادی از گیاهان بومی که در شمال کشور پراکنش نسبتا خوبی دارند به عنوان یک آفت­کش طبیعی در کنترل بیمارگر P. digitatum، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. ­­از عصاره‌های متانولی این گیاهان برای بررسی­های آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه­ای به­ترتیب بر روی محیط کشت1 (PDA) با روش دیسک کاغذی و روی میوه­ی پرتقال رقم واشنگتن ناول با روش غوطه­ور نمودن در عصاره­ها، استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد با وجود اینکه در روش آزمایشگاهی، تعدادی از عصاره‌های گیاهی ناحیه بازدارندگی از رشد را در اطراف دیسک کاغذی، ایجاد کردند، اما در شرایط انباری، ‌تنها گیاه سرخاب کولی بود که به‎طور معنی‌داری مانع از تولید اسپور توسط قارچ P. digitatum شد. با جداسازی اجزاء عصاره­ی سرخاب کولی با استفاده از ستون کروماتوگرافی و با کمک حلال­های غیر قطبی هگزان، نیمه قطبی دی­اتیل اتر و قطبی متانول و تعیین خلوص آن‌ها با کمک2  (TLC)، 11 جزء خالص حاصل شد. نتایج میزان تاثیر هر جزء بر بیمارگر کپک سبز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که عامل موثر در این عصاره را می­توان با کمک حلال قطبی متانول استخراج نمود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Antifungal Activity of Some Native Plant Extracts of North of Iran on Penicillium digitatum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Setareh Habibzadeh 1
  • Farid Beghi 2
1 Asisstant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold, is one of the most important pathogens among citrus fruit rot agents. Unfortunately, the continuous application of chemical pesticides have serious effects on human health and environment. As well as development of resistance is a latest against their resistance to chemical pesticide. Today, research on bio-pesticides using microbial antagonists and natural plant products has become more important as viable alternatives to control postharvest diseases. In this research, some wide spread endemic plant spears were collected from North of Iran and their potential as natural bio-pesticide were evaluated. Metabolic extracts of these plants were tested on PDA medium in vitro and on citrus fruits in vivo for their efficacy to control P. digitatum when applied as disc diffusion method and soaking in plant extract suspension respectively. Results showed some plant extract produce inhibition zone around paper disc In vitro test, but in vivo test, only extract of Phytolacca americana has significant effect and inhibited spore production by Penicillium sp. Eleven Components were identified from Pytolea American extranets using eleven Chromatography by  Hexane, Diethyl ether and Methanol solvents, an non-polar, semi-polar and polar solvent, respectively. And purified using thin layer Chromatography (TLC). The antifungal effects of each 11 components on P. digitatum showed only component were extracted with methanol polar solvent have the most antifungal properties.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keyword: Green mold
  • Phylolacca sp
  • Citrus
  • Whashington navel
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