اثرات سه نوع کمپوست بر بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنبه Verticillium dahliae در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد رشته بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استادیار بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

چکیده
پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum) از گیاهان مهم صنعتی و استراتژیک به‌شمار می‌رود که پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی از مخرب‌ترین بیماری‌ها‌ی آن است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سه نوع کمپوست (حاصل از ضایعات شهری، بقایای گیاهی و فراورده‌ی سیلوی دامپروری) بر پیشرفت بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنبه رقم ورامین در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. در تیمارهای مختلف، میکرواسکلروت‌های Verticillium dahliae (پاتوتیپ غیربرگ‌ریز) به نسبت‌های صفر، پنج و ده عدد در هر گرم خاک، و کمپوست مورد نظر به نسبت 35 درصد وزنی، قبل از کشت با خاک مخلوط شد. نتایج نشان داد که کمپوست‌های به‌کار رفته شاخص پژمردگی بوته‌ها را کاهش و وزن تر اندام هوایی را افزایش داده‌اند. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که تیمار بقایای گیاهی و فراورده‌ی سیلو پژمردگی بوته‌ها را نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌دار داده و در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند، درحالی‌که تیمار کاربرد کمپوست ضایعات شهری از این نظر در گروه شاهد قرار گرفت. هم‌چنین وزن تر اندام هوایی در کاربرد هر سه کمپوست افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد نشان داد. برآورد جمعیت قارچ در خاک بیانگر کاهش بقای قارچ با کاربرد کمپوست‌ها بود. بررسی‌های آزمایشگاهی نشان‌دهنده‌ی کاهش رشد ریسه‌های قارچ در محیط کشت حاوی عصاره کمپوست بقایای گیاهی بود. در مقایسه‌ی سه کمپوست، اثر دو کمپوست بقایای گیاهی و فراورده‌ی سیلو بر شاخص پژمردگی، وزن تر اندام هوایی و جمعیت نهایی قارچ در خاک اختلاف آماری نشان نداد. بر اساس این نتایچ کاربرد دو کمپوست بقایای گیاهی و فراورده‌ی سیلو برای کاهش خسارت پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی پنبه در قالب مدیریت تلفیقی بیماری مفید و مستلزم تحقیقات بیشتر است.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Three Different Compost Types on Verticillium Wilt (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of Cotton under Greenhouse Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Shabani 1
  • Abdulhossien Jamali 2
1 Former MSc. Student in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, ShahreKord University. ShahreKord - Iran,
2 Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, ShahreKord University. ShahreKord - Iran,
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Verticillium wilt is one of the most devastating diseases on cotton. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three types of composts (derived from municipal waste [MW], crop residues [CR], or animal husbandry silage [AS]) on development of cotton Verticillium wilt under controlled conditions. Experiments were carried out as  factorial randomized complete block design with 4 replications. To inoculate Verticillium dahlia, its microsclerotia were mixed in the proportions of 5 and 10 per gram of soil. Each compost type was also mixed, in the proportion of 35% (w/w) with the soil before planting. The data of plant wilting index showed that the composts reduced the disease severity and increased fresh weight of plant foliage. The results indicated that the CR and AS composts caused a significant reduction of wilting. MW compost, however, didn’t cause significant wilting reduction compared to the control. The fresh weight of plant foliage significantly increased following application of all composts. Number of fungus microsclerotia showed a significant reduction in the soils treated with composts. In vitro studies indicated slowdown of fungi growth in culture media containing extract of the CR compost. Analysis revealed no significant differences between CR and AS composts in reducing index of wilting, and the final number of microsclerotia in the soil and also in increasing of foliage fresh weight of host plant. Based on these findings, two composts of CR and AS are useful to reduce the damage of Verticillium wilt of cotton, as a part of integrated disease management, and necessitate more investigations.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Animal husbandry silage
  • Composted crop residue
  • Cotton
  • Gossypium hirsutum
  • Verticillium dahlia
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